Add end-of-2020 Derek Lowe vaccine roundup, and his "vaccine tightrop…

…e" essay also fix a typo
ljl-covid · Dec 30, 2020 · 5619f4b · 5619f4b
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@@ -277,14 +277,15 @@ Note that the WHO will generally be unable to make statements that their more pr
 
 * [CovidVax](https://covidvax.org/), an updated list of COVID-19 vaccines
 * [RAPS COVID-19 vaccine tracker](https://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2020/3/covid-19-vaccine-tracker)
-* [Coronavirus Vaccine Update, July 7](https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/06/29/coronavirus-vaccine-update-june-29) by Derek Lowe nicely covers the "frontrunners" and also some lesser known vaccines, divided by type, with commentary; [Coronavirus Vaccine Roundup, Early September](https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/09/03/coronavirus-vaccine-roundup-early-september) follows up on that
+* [Coronavirus Vaccine Update, July 7](https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/06/29/coronavirus-vaccine-update-june-29) by Derek Lowe nicely covers the "frontrunners" and also some lesser known vaccines, divided by type, with commentary; [Coronavirus Vaccine Roundup, Early September](https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/09/03/coronavirus-vaccine-roundup-early-september) follows up on that, and [Vaccine Roundup, Late December](https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/12/30/vaccine-roundup-late-december) looks at the situation at the end of 2020
 * [Vaccine Possibilities](https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/11/18/vaccine-possibilities) also by Derek Lowe, from November 2020, covers length of protection, effectiveness, possible mutations, demographics, safety, distribution and rollout
 * [The race for coronavirus vaccines: a graphical guide](https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01221-y), an introductory article on Nature
 * [KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor](https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/) tracks the public's attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines, with polls on vaccine hesitancy among Americans
 * [A Close Look at the Frontrunning Coronavirus Vaccines As of April 28](https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/04/23/a-close-look-at-the-frontrunning-coronavirus-vaccines-as-of-april-23), another In The Pipeline article
 * [Coronavirus Vaccine Prospects](https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/04/15/coronavirus-vaccine-prospects), an April 15 In The Pipeline article
 * [SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Status Report](https://www.cell.com/immunity/pdf/S1074-7613\(20\)30120-5.pdf), published on Cell on April 14, also covers therapeutics and has a summary table of vaccine types being investigated and their main characteristics on page 386
 * [The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape](https://www.nature.com/articles/d41573-020-00073-5), published on Nature on April 9, presenting charts with breakdowns of vaccine types under study and their profit models
+* [The Vaccine Tightrope](https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/10/21/the-vaccine-tightrope) by Derek Lowe analyzes the problem of vaccines being deployed before trials for other vaccines are over, as well as of providing placebo arms with the actual vaccine before the full trial length of two years is completed, with ethical and practical repercussions on participants
 * (currently down!) [COVID-19 Vaccine News](https://covidvax.news/) has a map of expected deployment times, as well as a timeline of news and a table with progress of each vaccine, for a smaller amount of vaccine than CovidVax (which it shouldn't be confused with, as they are separate sites)
 
 #### Moderna
@@ -305,7 +306,7 @@ Note that the WHO will generally be unable to make statements that their more pr
 
 * [Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31604-4/fulltext), encouraging preliminary results from the Oxford/AstraZeneca adenovirus-vectored vaccine, showing an acceptable safety profile and strong immune response after a booster, while [Derek Lowe's "In The Pipeline" blog provides a critical commentary](https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/07/20/new-data-on-the-oxford-az-vaccine) on it; in November 2020 [Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered in a prime-boost regimen in young and old adults (COV002): a single-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32466-1/fulltext) was published showing that older adults develop similar levels of immune response as younger adults, and with fewer side effects, and [interim results showed an overall efficacy of 70%](https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/11/23/oxford-az-vaccine-efficacy-data), importantly divided into 62% for a group that received two full doses, and 90% for a group receiving a half dose followed by a full-dose booster, a division in two trial arms that [appears to have arisen accidentally](https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/11/astrazenecas-best-covid-vaccine-result-was-a-fluke-experts-have-questions/); later in December 2020, a study partly funded by AstraZeneca looks at [Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK](https://www.thelancet.com/lancet/article/s0140-6736(20)32661-1) and finds that the vaccine had an "acceptable" profile, although the lower-end confidence interval values for efficacy are revealed as 54.8% overall, of which 67.4% in the half-dose group and 41.0% in the full-dose group
 * [Oxford University](https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2020-11-23-oxford-university-breakthrough-global-covid-19-vaccine) and [AstraZeneca](https://www.astrazeneca.com/content/astraz/media-centre/press-releases/2020/azd1222hlr.html) both issue press releases on interim efficacy assessment of their ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019 vaccine, showing overall 70% efficacy but divided into 62% for a group that received two full doses, and 90% for a group receiving a half dose followed by a full-dose booster, and Derek Lowe discusses these results and the methodological differences compared to Pfizer and Moderna in [Oxford/AZ Vaccine Efficacy Data](https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/11/23/oxford-az-vaccine-efficacy-data)
-* [AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine authorised for emergency supply in the UK](https://www.astrazeneca.com/content/astraz/media-centre/press-releases/2020/astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine-authorised-in-uk.html) announces an AstraZeneca press conference, claiming effectiveness based on the lack of hospitalizations and severe cases more than 14 days after the second dose, and saying the decision is based on data including the Lancet interim analysis above; [Regulation 174 Information for UK healthcare professionals](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca/information-for-healthcare-professionals-on-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca) reports data about this vaccine and administration information, saying that two 0.5ml doses will be used ,seemingly ignoring the presumed 90% efficacy in the "half-dose" group, at a distance of 4 to 12 weeks (in the trials, "because of logistical constraints, the interval between dose 1 and dose 2 ranged from 4 to 26 weeks"), and for an overall efficacy of around 70%
+* [AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine authorised for emergency supply in the UK](https://www.astrazeneca.com/content/astraz/media-centre/press-releases/2020/astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine-authorised-in-uk.html) announces an AstraZeneca press conference, claiming effectiveness based on the lack of hospitalizations and severe cases more than 14 days after the second dose, and saying the decision is based on data including the Lancet interim analysis above; [Regulation 174 Information for UK healthcare professionals](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca/information-for-healthcare-professionals-on-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca) reports data about this vaccine and administration information, saying that two 0.5ml doses will be used, seemingly ignoring the presumed 90% efficacy in the "half-dose" group, at a distance of 4 to 12 weeks (in the trials, "because of logistical constraints, the interval between dose 1 and dose 2 ranged from 4 to 26 weeks"), and for an overall efficacy of around 70%
 
 
 #### Others