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Friday, June 12, 2009
Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project
                                       Adventures in Techno-Archeology,
                          Restoring Lunar Images for a New Generation of Exploration




Friday, June 12, 2009
In the Beginning
               1966-67 - five NASA
               spacecraft mapped the
               moon in unequaled
               quality

               1986 - almost 2000
               original 1960’s hi-def
               analog tapes were saved

               2008 - last surviving tape
               drives were revived from
               oblivion




Friday, June 12, 2009
Lunar Orbiter Spacecraft
Friday, June 12, 2009
Lunar Orbiter
                           Camera
             Two cameras:
             • High resolution 24” (610 mm) aperture
             • Medium resolution 8” (80mm) aperture




Friday, June 12, 2009
Lunar Orbiter Cameras
Friday, June 12, 2009
Spacecraft Film Scan
Friday, June 12, 2009
Imaging Process
Friday, June 12, 2009
Friday, June 12, 2009
Lunar Orbiter Analog Tapes
Friday, June 12, 2009
Analog Tapes




Friday, June 12, 2009
Earthrise-1966




Friday, June 12, 2009
Lunar Orbiter
                         Tapes 1986
             • Nancy Evans, a NASA scientist, was
             asked “What to Do With These
             Tapes?”

             • She ordered the tapes sent to JPL
             and located surplus tape drives

             • Project languished due to NASA’s
             lack of interest


Friday, June 12, 2009
Lunar Orbiter
                         Tapes 2007




Friday, June 12, 2009
Visit to Nancy’s




Friday, June 12, 2009
The Tapes
                   Storage at a NASA JPL offsite
                   climate-controlled storage
                   facility




Friday, June 12, 2009
The Journey to
                                        McDonalds




                         Tape Drives         Tapes       Arrival
                        From Nancy’s       from JPL     at Ames


Friday, June 12, 2009
Friday, June 12, 2009
Getting to Work




Friday, June 12, 2009
Drive Refurbishment




Friday, June 12, 2009
Techno-Archeology
Friday, June 12, 2009
Success!




Friday, June 12, 2009
Building an Image




Friday, June 12, 2009
Friday, June 12, 2009
Earthrise 2008!




Friday, June 12, 2009
Friday, June 12, 2009
Earth Detail




Friday, June 12, 2009
Earth Detail From Lunar Orbit
Friday, June 12, 2009
Quality Assessment
                        Reproduced Images Match the Modulation Transfer Function
                                      of the Original 70mm Film




                                                                                   !
Friday, June 12, 2009
Manual Image Production Flow




Friday, June 12, 2009
Automated Production




Friday, June 12, 2009
Developing the Code




Friday, June 12, 2009
-&./01*(23405*$-5678$

                                                       !quot;#$%&''()*$+*,'*$

                                                                 ?@/$+(*B$(*)A$
                                                          quot;5'2*$%&''A$+(*$

                                                                                             Notice the image shear,
                                                  !quot;#%&''9:;+,;<=>?$.5@(2$                   correlated with the nicks
                        Notice the little nicks
                        in the left edge




                              No DFT                                              DFT factor 1.0
                                                                                  First 2 frequencies




Friday, June 12, 2009
Got rid of the nicks
                          but not the shear
                                                   Got rid of the shear
                                                   (yes, they were related)




                        DFT Factor 1.25          DFT Factor 1.25




Friday, June 12, 2009
1 thru 4 are spread sheet tests, using actual data from runs. 5 is a record for a test in the image
                    processing code, using the first synchronization bucket on this data set. Note the similarity to 4. The
                    reason for the false signal before actual detection is the presence of a fiduciary marker in the data.

Friday, June 12, 2009
Second
                         Image

          Life Magazine’s
      “Image of the Century”




Friday, June 12, 2009
Original vs Recovered Image




                        The LOIRP Recovered Version Has Greater Tonal Variation Allowing
                                    for Measurements not Available Before
Friday, June 12, 2009
Dennis:

                        Add Sur veyor 1 Image




Friday, June 12, 2009
Dennis:

                        Add Sur veyor 1 Image




Friday, June 12, 2009
Friday, June 12, 2009
Friday, June 12, 2009
Friday, June 12, 2009
OpenCL

                        Enables deeper data sets including:
                         • Multi Spectral Remote sensing
                         • Real time navigation of images in 3D
                         • Multi core data processing


Friday, June 12, 2009
Friday, June 12, 2009

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Presentation by Dennis Wingo on the Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project at the 2009 Apple WWDC