PENNSYLVANIA CHIROPRACTIC ASSOCIATION v. BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION

No. 09 C 5619.

PENNSYLVANIA CHIROPRACTIC ASSOCIATION, et al., Plaintiffs, v. BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION, et al., Defendants.

United States District Court, N.D. Illinois, Eastern Division.

March 28, 2014.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Pennsylvania Chiropractic Association, Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, John William Leardi , Buttaci & Leardi, LLC, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc, Paul Donald Werner , Buttaci & Leardi, LLC, Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP & Vincent N Buttaci , Taylor, Colicchio & Silverman, LLP.

New York Chiropractic Council, Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Association of New Jersey Chiropractors, Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP.

Association of New Jersey Chiropractors, on their own behalf and in a representational capacity on behalf of their members and, Plaintiff, represented by Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, LLC & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Jay Korsen, D.C., Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Ian Barlow, Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Jeffrey P. Leri, D.C., Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Michelle M Askar, D.C., Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Mark Barnard, D.C., Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Barry A Wahner, D.C., Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Anthony Fava, D.C., Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

David R Barber, D.C., Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Larry Miggins, D.C., Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Andrew Reno, D.C., on their own behalf and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Peri Dwyer, D.C., Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP & Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP.

Florida Chiropractic Association, Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP & Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP.

Eric Thompson, D.C., Plaintiff, represented by D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP & Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP.

Katherine Hopkins, Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP & Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP.

International Chiropractors Association, Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP & Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP.

Brenda Tomanek, D.C., Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP & Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP.

Extended Care Treatment, Inc. d/b/a/ Transitions Recovery Program, Plaintiff, represented by Jason S. Cowart , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Anthony F. Maul , The Maul Firm, P.C., D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP & Louis Carey Ludwig , Pomerantz LLP.

Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Georgia, Inc., Defendant, represented by Amy Graham Doehring , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, Bryan Matthew Webster , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, John Andrew Litwinski , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, John Friedrich Zabriskie , Foley & Lardner, Martin J. Bishop , Foley & Lardner, Michael M. Conway , Foley & Lardner, Michael J Tuteur , Foley & Lardner LLP & Rebecca R. Hanson , Foley & Lardner.

Excellus Blue Cross and Blue Shield, Defendant, represented by Michael A. Pope , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, Amy Graham Doehring , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, Bryan Matthew Webster , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, Christopher Mac Neil Murphy , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, Elizabeth Brooke Herrington , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, John Andrew Litwinski , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP & Michael M. Conway , Foley & Lardner.

Independence Blue Cross, Defendant, represented by Charles Clark Jackson , Morgan Lewis & Bockius, LLP, Amy Graham Doehring , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, Bryan Matthew Webster , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, Charis A. Runnels , Morgan Lewis & Bockius, LLP, Deborah S. Davidson , Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Jay H. Calvert, Jr. , Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, John Andrew Litwinski , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, Kirsten Ann Milton , Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP & Michael M. Conway , Foley & Lardner.

Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Michigan, Defendant, represented by Amy Graham Doehring , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, Bryan Matthew Webster , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, John Andrew Litwinski , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, Joseph A. Fink , Dickinson Wright PLLC, Michael M. Conway , Foley & Lardner & Patrick B. Green , Dickinson Wright Pllc.

Anthem Ohio, Defendant, represented by Michael M. Conway , Foley & Lardner, Bryan Matthew Webster , McDermott, Will & Emery LLP, Martin J. Bishop , Foley & Lardner, Michael J Tuteur , Foley & Lardner LLP & Rebecca R. Hanson , Foley & Lardner.

Miggins & Miggins, Inc., Defendant, represented by Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Katherine Hopkins, Intervenor Plaintiff, represented by D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP.

Tri3 Enterprises LLC, Intervenor Plaintiff, represented by Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP.

Miggins & Miggins, Inc., Counter Defendant, represented by Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Larry Miggins, D.C., Counter Defendant, represented by Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP, Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , Scott Scott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Miggins & Miggins, Inc., Counter Defendant, represented by Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.

Larry Miggins, D.C., Counter Defendant, represented by Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP, Christopher M. Burke , ScottScott LLP, D. Brian Hufford , Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, David W Stanley , Cuneo, Waldman & Gilbert, LLP, Joseph P. Guglielmo , ScottScott LLP, Kimberly A. Driggers , Brooks, LeBoeuf, Bennett, Foster & Gwartney, P.A., Leigh Handelman Smollar , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick Vincent Dahlstrom , Pomerantz LLP, Patrick J Sheehan , Whatley Drake & Kallas, Llc & Robert J. Axelrod , Pomerantz LLP.


MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

MATTHEW F. KENNELLY, District Judge.

This decision constitutes the Court's findings of fact and conclusions of law following the bench trial held on the remaining claims in this case on December 2, 3, and 4, 2013.

Background

Associations representing the interests of individual chiropractors sued Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association (BCBSA) and a number of Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS...

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