20-F 1 form20f.htm ANNUAL REPORT Pacific Rim Mining Corp: Form 20F - Filed by newsfilecorp.com

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

[ ] REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) or (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

[ x ] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011

[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

[ ] SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event require this shell company report:
For the transition period from ____ to _____

Commission file number: 001-31328

 
PACIFIC RIM MINING CORP.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Province of British Columbia, Canada
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

625 Howe Street, Suite 1050, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 2T6
(Address of principal executive offices 

Barbara Henderson
625 Howe Street, Suite 1050, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 2T6
Tel: (604) 689-1976
E-mail: bhenderson@pacrim-mining.com

Name,Telephone, E-mail and or/Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class: Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered:
Common Shares, no par value None

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 168,401,708

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
[    ] Yes   [ x ] No


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If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
[    ]  Yes   [ x ] No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or if such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such report(s), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
[ x ]  Yes   [   ]  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was require to submit and post such files)
[     ]  Yes  [    ]  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer [     ] Accelerated Filer [     ] Non-accelerated filer [ x ]

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

US GAAP [     ] International Reporting Standards as issued [    ] Other [ x ]
  By the International Accounting Standards Board  

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:
Item 17  [ x ]   Item 18  [   ]

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
[    ]  Yes  [ x ] No


TABLE OF CONTENTS

CAUTIONARY NOTE TO US INVESTORS REGARDING RESOURCE AND RESERVE ESTIMATES 2
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS 3
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 4
PART I 6
  ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS 6
  ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE 6
  ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION 6
  ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY 15
  ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 35
  ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS 35
  ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 44
  ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 59
  ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 59
  ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING 60
  ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 62
  ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK 70
  ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES 72
PART II 73
  ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDENT ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES 73
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS 73
  ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 73
  ITEM 16. [RESERVED] 74
  ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT 74
  ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS 74
  ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 74
  ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES 75
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS 75
  ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT 75
  ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 75
PART III 76
  ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 76
  ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 76
  ITEM 19. EXHIBITS 77


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CAUTIONARY NOTE TO US INVESTORS REGARDING RESOURCE AND RESERVE ESTIMATES

This Annual Report on Form 20-F has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the securities law in effect in Canada, which differ from the requirements of the United States securities laws. The terms “mineral reserve”, “proven mineral reserve” and “probable mineral reserve” are Canadian mining terms as defined in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”) and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (the “CIM”) – CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, adopted by the CIM Council, as amended. These definitions differ from the definitions in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Industry Guide 7 under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Under SEC Industry Guide 7 standards, a “final” or “bankable” feasibility study is required to report reserves, the three-year historical average price is used in any reserve or cash flow analysis to designate reserves and the primary environmental analysis or report must be filed with the appropriate governmental authority.

In addition , the terms “mineral resource”, “measured resource”, “indicated resource” and “inferred resource” are defined in and required to be disclosed by NI 43-101; however, these terms are not defined terms under SEC Industry Guide 7 and are normally not permitted to be used in reports and registration statements filed with the SEC. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part of or all of mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into reserves. “Inferred mineral resources” have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies, except in rare cases. Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource exists or is economically or legally mineable. Disclosure of “contained ounces” in a resource is permitted disclosure under Canadian regulations; however the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute “reserves” by SEC Industry Guide 7 standards as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures.

Accordingly, information contained in this Annual Report on Form 20-F and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain descriptions of our mineral deposits that may not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

NI 43-101 Definitions

Mineral resource

Refers to a concentration or occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic material in or on the Earth’s crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade or quality that it has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a mineral resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge.

 

The terms “mineral resource”, “measured mineral resource”, “indicated mineral resource” and “inferred mineral resource” used in this annual Form 20-F are Canadian mining terms as defined in accordance with NI 43-101 under the guidelines set out in the CIM Standards.

 

Measured resource

Refers to that part of a mineral resource for which quantity grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support production planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and grade continuity.

 

Indicated resource

Refers to that part of a mineral resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough for geological and grade continuity to be reasonably assumed.



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NI 43-101 Definitions

Inferred resource

Refers to that part of a mineral resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified, geological and grade continuity. The estimate is based on limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes.

 

Mineral reserve

Refers to the economically mineable part of a measured or indicated mineral resource demonstrated by at least a preliminary feasibility study. The study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified. A mineral reserve includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that might occur when the material is mined.

 

Mineral reserves are categorized as follows on the basis of the degree of confidence in the estimate of the quantity and grade of the deposit.

 

Proven reserve

Means, in accordance with CIM Standards, for the part of a deposit which is being mined, or which is being developed and for which there is a detailed mining plan, the estimated quantity and grade or quality of that part of a measured mineral resource for which the size, configuration and grade or quality and distribution of values are so well established, and for which economic viability has been demonstrated by adequate information on engineering, operating, economic and other relevant factors, so that there is the highest degree of confidence in the estimate. This definition differs from the standards in the United States, where proven or measured reserves are defined as reserves which (a) quantity is computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, workings or drill holes; (b) grade and/or quality are computed from the results of detailed sampling and (c) the sites for inspection, sampling and measurement are spaced so closely and the geographic character is so well defined that size, shape, depth and mineral content of reserves are well established.

 

Probable reserve

Means, in accordance with CIM Standards, the estimated quantity and grade or quality of that part of an indicated mineral resource for which economic viability has been demonstrated by adequate information on engineering, operating, economic and other relevant factors, at a confidence level which would serve as a basis for decisions on major expenditures. This definition differs from the standards in the United States, where probable mineral reserves are defined as reserves for which quantity and grade and/or quality are computed from information similar to that of proven reserves (under United States standards), but the sites for inspection, sampling, and measurement are further apart or are otherwise less adequately spaced, and the degree of assurance, although lower than that for proven mineral reserves, is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation. The degree of assurance, although lower than that for proven mineral reserves, is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation.

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS

In this annual report on Form 20-F, the following terms and acronyms have the following meanings:

CAFTA The Dominican Republic-United States-Central America Free Trade Agreement
   
CIM Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.
   
Dore A compound containing gold and silver metal and various impurities.
   
GOES The Government of El Salvador
   
g/t” or “gpt Grams per tonne. One gram per tonne equals 0.02917 troy ounces per short ton.


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NI 43-101

National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects. An instrument developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators (an umbrella group of Canada’s provincial and territorial securities regulators) that governs public disclosure by mining and mineral exploration issuers. The instrument establishes certain standards for all public disclosure of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects.

 

ICSID

The International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes

 

ILES

The Investment Law of El Salvador”

 

Ore

A natural aggregate of one or more minerals which, at a specified time and place, may be mined and sold at a profit, or from which some part may be profitably separated.

 

Qualified Person

Conforms to that definition under NI 43-101 for an individual (a) to be an engineer or geoscientist with at least five years experience in mineral exploration, mine development or operation or mineral project assessment, or any combination of these; (b) with experience relevant to the subject matter of the mineral project and the technical report; and (c) is a member in good standing of a professional association that, among other things, is self-regulatory, has been given authority by statute, admits members based on their qualifications and experience, requires compliance with professional standards of competence and ethics and has disciplinary powers to suspend or expel a member.

 

SG

Specific gravity, a measurement of density.

 

tpd

Tonnes per day. One tonne equals 1.10231 tons.

 

TSX

The Toronto Stock Exchange.

Conversion Factors

To Convert From To Multiply By
Feet Metres 0.305
Metres Feet 3.281
Miles Kilometres (“km”) 1.609
Kilometres Miles 0.6214
Acres Hectares (“ha”) 0.405
Hectares Acres 2.471
Grams Ounces (Troy) 0.03215
Grams/Tonnes Ounces (Troy)/Short Ton 0.02917
Tonnes (metric) Pounds 2,205
Tonnes (metric) Short Tons 1.1023

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 20-F and exhibits attached hereto contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Canadian securities laws. Such forward-looking statements concern the Company’s plans for its properties, operations and other matters. These statements relate to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results, estimates of amounts not yet determinable and assumptions of management. Statements concerning estimates of mineral resources and reserves may also be deemed to constitute forward-looking statements to the extent that they involve estimates of the mineralization that will be encountered if the property is developed, and in the case of mineral reserves, such statements reflect the conclusion based on certain assumptions that the mineral deposit can be economically exploited. Any statements that express or involve discussions with respect to predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance (often, but not always, using words or phrases such as “expects” or “does not expect”, “is expected”, “anticipates” or “does not anticipate”, “plans”, “estimates” or “intends”, or stating that certain actions, events or results “may”, “could”, “would”, “might” or “will” be taken, occur or be achieved) are not statements of historical fact and may be “forward-looking statements”. Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual events or results to differ from those reflected in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation:

  • risks related to the outcome of legal proceedings

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  • risks related to failure to obtain adequate financing on a timely basis and on acceptable terms;

  • political and regulatory risks associated with mining and exploration;

  • risks related to the maintenance of exchange listings;

  • risks related to environmental regulation and liability;

  • the potential for delays in exploration or development activities;

  • the uncertainty of profitability based upon the Company’s history of losses;

  • risks and uncertainties relating to the interpretation of drill results, the geology, grade and continuity of mineral deposits;

  • risks related to the inherent uncertainty of production and cost estimates and the potential for unexpected costs and expenses;

  • results of prefeasibility and feasibility studies, and the possibility that future exploration, development or mining results will not be consistent with the Company’s expectations;

  • risks related to gold price and other commodity price fluctuations

This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect our forward-looking statements. Some of the important risks and uncertainties that could affect forward-looking statements are described in this Annual Report on Form 20-F under “Description of the Business –Risk Factors”. Should one or more of these risks and uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described in forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made based on management’s beliefs, estimates and opinions on the date the statements are made. Investors are cautioned against attributing undue certainty to forward-looking statements.


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PART I

In this document, references to “we”, “our”, “us”, the “Company” or “Pacific Rim” mean Pacific Rim Mining Corp. and: its U.S. subsidiaries (Pac Rim Cayman LLC (“PacRim”), Pacific Rim Exploration Inc., and Dayton Mining (U.S.) Inc.); Salvadoran subsidiaries (Pacific Rim El Salvador, S.A. de C.V. (“PRES”) and Dorado Exploraciones, S.A. de C.V. (“DOREX”)); and, Panamanian subsidiary (Minera Verde, S.A. (“Minera Verde”)), inclusive, unless the context of the sentence clearly suggests otherwise.

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

A.

Selected Financial Data

The following table presents selected financial information. The Company prepares its financial statements, which are filed with this report on Form 20-F, in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting practices (“GAAP”), and they may be subject to Canadian auditing and auditor independence standards. They may not be comparable to financial statements of United States companies. There is one quantitative difference between Canadian GAAP and United States GAAP as disclosed in note 13 of the consolidated financial statements for the years ended April 30, 2011 and 2010.

The following selected data has been extracted from the more detailed financial statements included herein, including the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements prepared under Canadian GAAP and US GAAP. The selected financial data is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the financial statements and notes thereto as well as management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations.


Year Ended April 30
(in thousands of US Dollars)

2011 US
GAAP
2011 Cdn
GAAP
2010 US
GAAP
2010 Cdn
GAAP
2009 Cdn and
US GAAP
2008 Cdn and
US GAAP
Loss from Continuing Operations (3,735) (4,002) (3,874) (5,005) (9,443) (15,657)
Net Loss (3,735) (4,002) (3,836) (4,967) (6,276) (12,734)
Income (loss) per common share from continued operations – Basic and Diluted (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.04) (0.08) (0.13)
Income (loss) per common share – Basic and Diluted (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.04) (0.05) (0.11)
Total Assets 6,681 6,681 6,927 6,927 8,187 18,270


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Year Ended April 30
(in thousands of US Dollars)

2011 US
GAAP
2011 Cdn
GAAP
2010 US
GAAP
2010 Cdn
GAAP
2009 Cdn and
US GAAP
2008 Cdn and
US GAAP
Net Assets 2,195 3,993 2,697 4,301 6,508 12,161
Cash Dividend per share N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Shares outstanding(1) 150,568,308 150,568,308 130,308,308 130,308,308 118,033,642 116,915,460
Total shareholders’ Equity 2,195 3,993 2,697 4,301 6,508 12,161

(1) Number of common shares issued and outstanding

Outstanding Share Data

The following table outlines the common shares outstanding at and subsequent to the year end to:


Number of Common
Shares
Number of Options
Number of Warrants
Balance on April 30, 2011 150,568,308 10,295,000 23,531,000
Issued or Exercised subsequent to year end 17,833,400 Nil 9,633,100
Balance on July 20, 2011 168,401,708 10,295,000 33,164,100

Currency and Exchange Rates

Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts in this annual report on Form 20-F are in United States dollars. The exchange rate of Canadian dollars into United States dollars, on July 19, 2011, based on the noon rate of exchange as quoted by the Bank of Canada was U.S.$1.00 = CDN $XX.

Exchange Rates for Previous Six Months
                       For the Month ended High Low
April 2011 $0.9610 $0.9551
March 2011 $0.9796 $0.9737
February 2011 $0.9905 $0.9849
January 2011 $0.9974 $0.9911
December 2010 $1.0112 $1.0050
November 2010 $1.0170 $1.0099

Exchange Rates for Previous Five Financial Years ended December 31
For the Year Ended Average
December 31, 2010 $1.0299
December 31, 2009 $1.1420
December 31, 2008 $1.0660
December 31, 2007 $1.0748
December 31, 2006 $1.1342


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B.

Capitalization and indebtedness

Not applicable.

C.

Reason for the offer and use of proceeds

Not applicable.

D.

Risk Factors

An investment in the common shares of the Company involves a high degree of risk and must be considered highly speculative due to the nature of the Company’s business and the present stage of exploration and development of its mineral resource properties.

Failure to successfully address the risks and uncertainties described below could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and/or results of operations, and the trading price of the Company’s shares may decline and investors may lose all or part of their investment.

The principal activity of the Company is mineral exploration, which is inherently risky. Exploration is also capital intensive, and the Company currently has no source of income. The risk factors that could affect the Company’s future results include, but are not limited to, those items discussed below. Descriptions of the Company’s exploration properties, including details of an ongoing legal action pertaining to the El Dorado property, are described in Item 4D – “Property, Plant and Equipment”.

In particular, the following risk factors apply:

History of Losses

The Company has a history of losses and may continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. As of April 30, 2011, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $90.1 million. The Company currently has no source of revenue and there can be no assurance that the Company will realize revenue growth or achieve profitability in the future.

Financing Risks

The Company’s sources of financing include current cash and cash equivalents, and short term investments. The Company utilizes these limited financial resources to finance its exploration activities, general and administrative and legal expenses. While the Company believes it has the financial resources to conduct the exploration work, property maintenance, and general and administrative expenditures it has currently planned or is obligated to undertake during fiscal 2012, future financing will be necessary in order to fund future costs associated with an ongoing legal action, ongoing general and administrative costs including regulatory responsibilities, as well as to fund future exploration work including: a Phase II exploration program at Hog Ranch (if warranted); the resumption of exploration work at the El Salvador properties (if conditions allow); possible exploration program on the Remance project (should its acquisition be finalized); and, exploration on other potential future property acquisitions. Furthermore the Company does not have the funds in place to conduct mine development activities at the El Dorado property should the Company receive the permits allowing it to undertake these activities.

There is no assurance that financing will be available to the Company, on reasonable and acceptable terms at the time it is required by the Company. Although the Company has been successful in the past in obtaining financing through the sale of its securities, there can be no assurance that it will be able to obtain adequate financing in the future or that the terms of such financing will be favorable. Failure to obtain such additional financing could result in the Company’s failure to remain a going concern, the Company’s inability to continue to fund PacRim’s CAFTA/ILES action, or could cause the delay or indefinite postponement of further exploration and development of its projects with a possible loss of some properties.

Going Concern

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern, which assumes that the Company will be able to meet its commitments, continue operations, realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future, there are events and conditions that cast substantial doubt on the validity of that assumption. During the year ended April 30, 2011, the Company incurred a loss of $4.0 million (2010 - $5.0 million) before discontinued operations and as at April 30, 2011 has an accumulated deficit of $90.1 million (April 30, 2010 - $86.1 million). The Company will require additional funding to maintain its ongoing exploration programs and property commitments, for administrative purposes and CAFTA arbitration and negotiation. These legal costs for CAFTA are substantial.

The Company’s ability to continue operations and exploration activities as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional funding. While the Company has been successful in obtaining its required funding in the past, there is no assurance that sufficient funds will be available to the Company in the future. The Company has no assurance that such financing will be available or be available on favorable terms. Factors that could affect the availability of financing include the progress and results of the El Dorado project and its permitting application, the resolution of international arbitration proceedings over the non-issuance of permits in El Salvador, the state of international debt and equity markets, investor perceptions and expectations and the global financial and metals markets. The Company has obtained additional financing subsequent to April 30, 2011, however the Company will require additional financing through, but not limited to, the issuance of additional equity in order to fund its ongoing exploration and CAFTA costs. There can be no assurance the Company will be successful in this endeavor.


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The consolidated financial statements do not reflect adjustments in the carrying values of the assets and liabilities, the reported revenues and expenses, and the balance sheet classifications used, that would be necessary if the company were unable to realize its assets and settle its liabilities

Maintenance of Exchange Listings

The Company’s shares currently trade on the TSX in Canada and on the OTCQX platform in the US. The Company remains SEC-registered in the US. The Company’s ability to maintain its TSX listing will be dependent on meeting the exchange’s ongoing listing maintenance standards including provisions for minimum exploration work expenditures. The Company did not meet the TSX’s exploration work expenditure standard during fiscal 2011, but anticipates satisfying this ongoing listing maintenance item during fiscal 2012 as a result of planned exploration work on the Hog Ranch property. The TSX may elect at any time to undertake a formal listing review of the Company, which could result in the Company’s shares being subject to delisting from the TSX, in which event the Company would seek a listing on the TSX Venture Exchange. However, there is no assurance that the Company would be successful in obtaining such a listing.

Exploration, Development and Operating Risks

Resource exploration, development, and operation is a highly speculative business that involves significant risks, which even a combination of careful evaluation, experience and knowledge may not eliminate. While the discovery of precious metals and other minerals may result in substantial rewards, few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. Major expenses may be required to locate and establish economically viable mineral deposits, to develop metallurgical processes and to construct mining and processing facilities at a particular site. It is impossible to ensure that the exploration or development programs planned by the Company will result in a profitable commercial mining operation. The potential for any project to eventually become an economically viable operation depends on numerous factors including: the quantity and quality of the minerals discovered if any, the proximity to infrastructure, metal and mineral prices (which vary considerably over time) and government regulations. The exact effect these factors can have on any given exploration property can not accurately be predicted but the effect can be materially adverse.

Except for the El Dorado Project, on which a pre-feasibility study was completed in 2005, none of the Company's properties have a known body of ore and the Company’s proposed exploration programs are an exploratory search for ore.

Although mineral resource estimates included in this document (and/or in previous regulatory documents filed by the Company) have been carefully calculated, prepared, reviewed and/or verified by independent mining experts who are Qualified Persons, and have been reviewed by the Company, these amounts are estimates only and no assurance can be given that any particular level of recovery of gold and/or silver from mineral resources or previously disclosed reserves will in fact be realized or that an identified mineral resource will ever qualify as a commercially mineable (or viable) ore body which can be legally and economically exploited. Estimates of mineral resources and reserves, production and capital costs can also be affected by such factors as environmental permitting regulations and requirements, weather, environmental factors, unforeseen technical difficulties, unusual or unexpected geological formations and work interruptions. In addition, the grade of ore ultimately mined may differ from that indicated by drilling results. There can be no assurance that the percentage of gold recovered in small scale laboratory tests will be duplicated in large scale tests under on-site conditions or in production scale ore recovery.

The El Dorado Project is the Company’s most advanced exploration property, which along with its secondary grassroots exploration projects Santa Rita and Zamora-Cerro Colorado, is located in El Salvador. The Company may commence exploration programs in other jurisdictions during fiscal 2012. As with most jurisdictions, El Salvador imposes certain requirements and obligations on the owners of exploratory properties including application requirements, periodic reporting requirements, limited terms and certain fees and royalty payments. The Company may acquire interests in properties in other North, Central and South American countries that may place substantial restrictions on the Company’s exploratory and development activities. There can be no assurance that additional significant restrictions will not be placed on the Company's existing or future properties or its operations. Such restrictions may have a materially adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operation.

Mining operations generally involve a high degree of risk. The Company’s operations are subject to all of the physical hazards and risks normally encountered in the exploration, development and production of precious metals and other minerals including unusual or unexpected geological formations, seismic activity, rock bursts, cave-ins, flooding and other conditions involved in the drilling and removal of material, any of which could result in damage to or destruction of documents, samples or drill core, damage to life or property, environmental damage and possible legal liability. It may not be possible to insure against these risks, or for economic reasons the Company may elect not to insure against these risks. The payment of liabilities as a result of the occurrence of any of these hazards may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position.


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There can be no assurance that the Company’s exploration and acquisition programs will yield new reserves to expand current resources. The development of the Company’s properties will require the commitment of substantial financial resources to conduct the time-consuming exploration and development of properties. There can be no assurance that the Company will generate any additional revenues or achieve profitability.

Reliability of Mineralization Estimates

Although the Company has assessed the mineral resource estimates presented herein and mineral resource and reserve estimates documented in other regulatory filings, and believes that the methods used to estimate such mineral reserves and mineral resources are appropriate, such figures are estimates. As well, estimates of mineral reserves and mineral resources are inherently imprecise and depend to some extent on statistical inferences drawn from limited drilling, which may prove unreliable. Furthermore, no assurances can be given that the indicated level of recovery of gold or other minerals will be realized. Market price fluctuations of gold or other minerals may render reserves and deposits containing relatively lower grades of mineralization uneconomic. Moreover, short-term operating factors relating to the mineral reserves, such as the need for orderly development of the deposits or the processing of new or different grades, may cause mining operations to be unprofitable in any particular period.

Definitional standards for reporting mineralized material differ between United States reporting standards and the Canadian standards use in this annual report

We use the terms “measured resources,” “indicated resources” and “inferred resources” in this annual report on Form 20-F to comply with reporting standards in Canada. We advise U.S. investors that while those terms are recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the SEC does not recognize them. While we have converted a portion of these resources to proven and probable reserves, U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of the additional mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into mineral reserves. Mineral resources have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of measured mineral resources, indicated mineral resources, or inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. In accordance with Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources cannot form the basis of a feasibility study or other economic evaluations. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part of the reported measured mineral resource, indicated mineral resource, or inferred mineral resource in this Annual Report is economically or legally mineable. See “Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Regarding Resource and Reserve Estimates” above.

Title to Properties

PRES, a subsidiary of PacRim, has applied for an exploitation concession over a portion of its El Dorado Project exploration licence area and has carried out the studies required by the authorities for this concession, including an EIS. The approval of the El Dorado EIS by the Salvadoran Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment is a requirement for approval of the exploitation concession by the Ministry of Economy. The Company cannot say with certainty if or when the authorities in El Salvador will approve the El Dorado EIS or grant PRES an exploitation concession. The exploitation concession application area covers ground protected by an exploration licence granted to PRES that nominally expired in January 2005. Legal opinions secured by the Company indicate that El Salvadoran administrative laws and procedures assure PRES exclusive rights to the proposed exploitation concession area while the application is in process, despite the underlying exploration licence having expired. There can be no assurance however that this opinion will not be challenged by regulatory authorities or other third parties and that PRES’s legal rights to explore within the exploitation concession application area will be upheld indefinitely pending the outcome of the application process. Furthermore, as a result of restricted access to documents in El Salvador due to the ongoing CAFTA/ILES arbitration, the Company has not had the ability to confirm or renew its existing Salvadoran exploration licences during fiscal 2011.

The Company conducted significant due diligence on the Hog Ranch property in Nevada prior to signing the Hog Ranch LOI, and the subsequent Definitive Agreement, granting the Company the option to acquire a 65% joint venture interest in Hog Ranch, including securing legal opinions on the title and underlying agreements and underlying obligations of the Hog Ranch claims. The Company is of the opinion that the Hog Ranch claims are in good standing and that title to the project lies with ICN Resources Ltd. (“ICN”) and Washoe Gold Inc. (“WGI”). However, the Hog Ranch property may be subject to prior unregistered agreements or transfers or local land claims and title may be affected by undetected defects.

The Company conducted significant due diligence on the Remance Project in Panama prior to signing a letter of intent to acquire the project from Minera Clifton, including securing legal opinions on the title and tenure of the Remance exploitation concession. The Company is of the opinion that the Remance exploitation concession is in good standing and that title to the project lies with Minera Clifton. However, the Remance property, as well as the Company's other exploration properties, may be subject to prior unregistered agreements or transfers or local land claims and title may be affected by undetected defects.


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The Remance exploitation concession is nearing the end of its initial term and the Company’s decision to sign a Final Agreement on the acquisition of this project is dependent on Minera Clifton obtaining an extension to the term of the concession, as is provided for under Panamanian law. Minera Clifton’s application for extension of the Remance exploitation concession was recently denied by the Panamanian ministry responsible for mining, a decision which Minera Clifton is now appealing. There can be no assurance at this time that the ministry’s decision will be overturned and that the Remance exploitation concession extension will ultimately be granted. As such, although the Company intends to keep the Remance LOI in place (as there is no cost or risk in doing so), the Company’s acquisition of the Remance project can not be guaranteed.

The Company has investigated and believes it has good title to its properties. However, there is no guarantee that adverse claims to title will not arise in the future, nor can the Company express an opinion on how difficult the resolution of such claims would be under the laws of foreign jurisdictions.

Government Law, Environmental and Other Regulatory Requirements

The Company's current exploration projects are located in the US and El Salvador, and the Company may acquire exploration properties in other North, Central and South American countries. Mineral exploration and mining activities in foreign countries are subject to risks normally associated with the conduct of business in foreign countries and in addition its business activities may be affected in varying degrees by political stability and government regulations as these evolve in sovereign nations. These risks may include foreign labour disputes, invalidation of governmental orders, uncertain political and economic environments, war or civil disturbances, changes in laws, changes in foreign exchange rates, regulations and policies of governments, changes in foreign tax laws, delays in obtaining necessary permits, limitations on the repatriation of earnings and original investments and increased costs of and difficulty in obtaining financing.

Currency fluctuations, exchange controls, change to tax regimes and political action could impair the value of the Company's assets in the foreign jurisdictions in which the Company operates.

Mining operations have inherent risks and liabilities associated with possible pollution of the environment and with the disposal of waste products occurring as a result of mineral exploration or the production of metals from producing mines. Laws and regulations involving the protection and remediation of the environment and governmental policies and regulations for the implementation of such laws and regulations are constantly changing and are, in general, becoming more restrictive and more costly to abide by. There may be costs and delays associated with compliance with these laws or regulations that could prohibit the Company from the development or expansion of a mine. Mine closure and reclamation cost requirements could change from current estimates.

PRES has experienced significant delays in the processing of its El Dorado EIS and exploitation concession application, and as a result PacRim initiated an action against the GOES under the CAFTA international trade treaty and the Investment Law of El Salvador. There can be no assurance that PRES will be successful in either obtaining its sought-after El Dorado exploitation concession, or that any legal challenges PacRim has undertaken or that the Company or its subsidiaries may choose to undertake in the future to resolve this issue will be successful. PacRim is currently awaiting a decision from the ICSID Tribunal presiding over its legal action under CAFTA and the Investment Law of El Salvador regarding the Jurisdiction Objection filed by the GOES. This ruling is outside of PacRim’s and the Company’s control. If this decision is not in favor of PacRim, all or parts of the legal action may not proceed as planned or may require significant revision, either of which could result in significant impact on the Company’s share price.

Foreign Operations

The Company and its subsidiaries operate in certain parts of the world that have experienced social unrest, political and economic instability and resulting governmental corruption and may operate its business in manners that are contrary to the regulations imposed in the United States and Canada. While the Company has policies in place to ensure adequate monitoring of its activities and compliance with Canadian, United States and local laws and regulations in the countries in which it operates, there can be no assurance that the Company’s internal control policies and procedures will always protect it from reckless or negligent acts committed by its employees or agents. Such employees or agents may undertake actions that would result in a violation of law, including but not limited to, tax laws, customs laws, environmental laws, labour laws, permitting laws and regulations, industry laws or international anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, including Canadian anti-corruption laws and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could disrupt the Company’s business and result in a material adverse effect on its business and operations.


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Dependence on Management

The success of the operations and activities of the Company is dependent to a significant extent on the efforts and abilities of a small number of skilled and experienced executives and personnel. Due to the small size of the Company, the loss of any of these key persons or the inability of the Company to attract and retain additional highly-skilled employees may adversely affect its business and future operations. The Company does not maintain key employee insurance on any of its employees.

Conflicts of Interest

The Company's directors and officers may serve as directors or officers of other resource companies or have significant shareholdings in other resource companies and, to the extent that such other companies may participate in ventures in which the Company may participate, the directors of the Company may have a conflict of interest in negotiating and concluding terms respecting the extent of such participation. In the event that such a conflict of interest arises at a meeting of the Company's directors, directors who have such a conflict will declare their potential conflict and abstain from voting for or against the approval of such participation or such terms. From time to time several companies may participate in the acquisition, exploration and development of natural resource properties thereby allowing for their participation in larger programs, permitting involvement in a greater number of programs and reducing financial exposure in respect of any one program. It may also occur that a particular company will assign all or a portion of its interest in a particular program to another of these companies due to the financial position of the company making the assignment. In accordance with the laws of British Columbia, the directors of the Company are required to act honestly, in good faith and in the best interests of the Company. In determining whether or not the Company will participate in a particular program and the interest therein to be acquired by it, the directors will primarily consider the degree of risk to which the Company may be exposed and its financial position at that time.

Competition for Other Assets

Significant and increasing competition exists for the limited number of gold acquisition opportunities available worldwide. As a result of this competition, some of which is with large established mining companies having substantial capabilities and substantially greater financial and technical resources than the Company, the Company may be unable to acquire future potential gold mining properties on terms it considers acceptable. The Company also competes with other mining companies in the recruitment and retention of qualified employees.

Increased costs could affect our financial condition.

We anticipate that costs at our projects that we may explore or develop, will frequently be subject to variation from one year to the next due to a number of factors, such as changing ore grade, metallurgy and revisions to mine plans, if any, in response to the physical shape and location of the ore body. In addition, costs are affected by the price of commodities such as fuel, rubber and electricity. Such commodities are at times subject to volatile price movements, including increases that could make production at certain operations less profitable. A material increase in costs at any significant location could have a significant effect on our profitability.

Currency Fluctuations May Affect the Costs of Doing Business

The Company's offices and primary activities are currently located in Canada, the United States, and El Salvador. Gold and silver are sold in international markets at prices denominated in US dollars. However, some of the costs associated with the Company's activities in Canada may be denominated in currencies other than the US dollar. Any appreciation of these currencies vis a vis the US dollar could increase the Company's cost of doing business in these countries. In addition, the US dollar is subject to fluctuation in value vis a vis the Canadian dollar. The Company does not utilize hedging programs to mitigate the effect of currency movements.

Adequacy of Insurance Coverage

The Company has purchased liability insurance that it believes is appropriate for the level of risk incurred, however there are no guarantees that the level of coverage of existing policies can or will be maintained. Furthermore, the Company does not carry insurance for political risk, nor environmental damage or pollution because such coverage cannot be purchased at reasonable costs. This lack of insurance coverage could result in material economic harm to the Company if a significant claim against the Company should occur.

Reclamation Risks at Denton-Rawhide

During fiscal 2009 the Company sold the assets it held through its 49% interest in the Denton-Rawhide joint venture to its 51% partner Kennecott. Subsequently, in late calendar 2010, Kennecott sold its 100% interest in the Denton-Rawhide Joint Venture to a third party. According to the terms of Kennecott's 2010 sale, reclamation obligations at the Denton-Rawhide operation were separated such that Kennecott remains responsible for reclamation expenditures due to any disturbances created prior to the sale, and the purchaser becomes responsible for undertaking reclamation related to any disturbances created after the sale. As part of the sale of its interest in Denton-Rawhide to Kennecott, the Company had provided a guarantee on 49% of any reclamation and closure costs in the event that these expenditures (limited to those related to disturbances made up to the point the Company sold it's interest in the operation) were to exceed $7.0 million. In other words, the Company's obligations are limited to pre-sale property conditions. The Coordinating Committee of the Denton-Rawhide mine estimates total reclamation and severance costs for the Denton-Rawhide mine will be $9.8 million. $4.5 million in reclamation and severance costs have already been incurred on behalf of the Company and Kennecott as previous joint venture partners, leaving an estimated $5.3 million allocated for future reclamation costs related to disturbances made at the operation prior to Kennecott’s 2010 sale of the property..


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This estimate may not be a true reflection of actual reclamation and closure costs of the Denton-Rawhide mine for which the Company is jointly responsible, and the Company recognizes a potential future reclamation liability, as per the terms of its sale as described above, should actual reclamation and closure costs exceed $7.0 million in excess of reclamation and severance costs incurred prior to the date of the sale (October 30, 2008).

Costs and Compliance Risks as a Result of Being a Public Company

Legal, accounting and other expenses associated with public company reporting requirements have increased significantly in the past decade. The Company anticipates that general and administrative costs associated with regulatory compliance will continue to increase alongside corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as new rules implemented by the SEC, Canadian Securities Administrators and the TSX. The Company expects these rules and regulations to continue to result in significant legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. There can be no assurance that the Company will continue to effectively meet all of the requirements of the regulations to which it must comply, including Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 and National Instrument 52-109, Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings (“NI 52-109”). Any failure to effectively implement new or improved internal controls, or to resolve difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm the Company’s operating results, cause the Company to fail to meet reporting obligations or result in management being required to give a qualified assessment of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting or the Company’s independent auditors providing an adverse opinion regarding management’s assessment. Any such result could cause investors to lose confidence in the Company’s reported financial information, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s stock price. The Company also expects these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for it to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and it may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for the Company to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on its board of directors or as executive officers. If the Company fails to maintain the adequacy of its internal controls, the Company's ability to provide accurate financial statements and comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and/or NI 52-109 could be impaired, which could cause the Company's stock price to decrease.

Environmental Risks and Hazards

The Company’s exploration activities are subject to environmental regulation in the various jurisdictions in which it operates. These regulations mandate, among other things, the maintenance of air and water quality standards and land reclamation. They also set forth limitations on the generation, transportation, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner that will require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and employees. There is no assurance that future changes in environmental regulation, if any, will not adversely affect the Company’s operations. Environmental hazards may also exist on the Company’s properties that are currently unknown to the Company and that have been caused by previous or existing owners or operators of the properties.

Environmental approvals and permits are currently, and may in the future, be required in connection with the operations of the Company. To the extent that such approvals are required and not obtained, the Company may be curtailed or prohibited from continuing in its exploration, development or mining activities or from proceeding with its exploration or development plans for current properties.

Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions that cause exploration, development or mining activities to cease or be curtailed and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures or remedial actions. In such an event, the Company could be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of the Company’s activities and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations.

Amendments to existing environmental laws and regulations governing exploration, development and mining activities of mining companies, or more stringent application of current laws and regulations could have a material adverse impact on the Company causing increases in exploration expenses, capital expenditures or production costs, or a reduction in production levels at producing operations, or require abandonment or delays in development of new mining properties.


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Future Sales of Common Shares by Existing Shareholders

The sale of a large number of common shares of the Company in the public markets, or the potential for such sales, could decrease the trading price of the Company’s common shares and could negatively impact the Company’s ability to raise capital through future sales of common shares.

Foreign Private Issuer Status

The Company is required to determine its “foreign private issuer” status (as defined in Rule 3b-4(c) under the U.S. Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (as amended) for the purposes of U.S. securities law) (the “Exchange Act”), annually at the end of its second fiscal quarter. Although more than 50% of its voting securities were held by U.S. residents as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the Company is still considered a foreign private issuer as it met the following conditions: (i) a majority of its executive officers and directors, taken separately, are non-U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) more than 50% of its assets are located outside the U.S., and (iii) the business of the Company is principally administered outside the U.S. The Company may in the future lose its foreign private issuer status if it fails to meet any of the aforementioned criteria.

The regulatory and compliance costs to the Company under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly more than the costs the Company incurs as a Canadian foreign private issuer eligible to use the multijurisdictional disclosure system. If the Company is not a foreign private issuer it would be required to file periodic and current reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. This could have a materially adverse impact on the Company’s corporate overhead costs and its ability to raise future financing.

You may be unable to enforce U.S. judgments against us or our officers and directors

We are incorporated under the laws of the Province of British Columbia, Canada. The majority of our directors are resident in Canada. Consequently, it may be difficult for United States investors to affect service of process within the United States upon us or upon those directors or officers who are not residents of the United States, or to realize in the United States upon judgments. Judgments of United States courts predicated upon civil liabilities may be enforceable in Canada by a Canadian court if the U.S. court in which the judgment was obtained had jurisdiction, as determined by the Canadian court, in the matter. There is substantial doubt whether an original action could be brought successfully in Canada against any of such persons or the Company predicted solely upon such civil liabilities.

Market events and conditions

In recent years the U.S. credit markets have experienced serious disruption due to a deterioration in residential property values, defaults and delinquencies in the residential mortgage market (particularly, sub-prime and non-prime mortgages) and a decline in the credit quality of mortgage backed securities. These problems led to a slow-down in residential housing market transactions, declining housing prices, delinquencies in non-mortgage consumer credit and a general decline in consumer confidence. These conditions have caused a loss of confidence in the broader U.S. and global credit and financial markets and resulting in the collapse of, and government intervention in, major banks, financial institutions and insurers and creating a climate of greater volatility, less liquidity, widening of credit spreads, a lack of price transparency, increased credit losses and tighter credit conditions. Notwithstanding various actions by the U.S. and foreign governments, concerns about the general condition of the capital markets, financial instruments, banks, investment banks, insurers and other financial institutions caused the broader credit markets to further deteriorate and stock markets to decline substantially. In addition, general economic indicators have deteriorated, including declining consumer sentiment, increased unemployment and declining economic growth and uncertainty about corporate earnings.

These disruptions in the credit and financial markets have had a significant material adverse impact on a number of financial institutions and have limited access to capital and credit for many companies. These disruptions could, among other things, make it more difficult for us to obtain, or increase our cost of obtaining, capital and financing for operations. The Company’s access to additional capital may not be available on terms acceptable to it or at all.

General economic conditions

Ongoing volatility in global financial markets has had a profound impact on the global economy. Many industries, including the gold and base metal mining industry, are impacted by these market conditions. Some of the key impacts of the current financial market turmoil include contraction in credit markets resulting in a widening of credit risk, devaluations and high volatility in global equity, commodity, foreign exchange and precious metal markets, and a lack of market liquidity. A continued or worsened slowdown in the financial markets or other economic conditions, including but not limited to, consumer spending, employment rates, business conditions, inflation, fuel and energy costs, consumer debt levels, lack of available credit, the state of the financial markets, interest rates, and tax rates may adversely affect our growth and profitability. Specifically:

  • the global credit/liquidity crisis could impact the cost and availability of financing and our overall liquidity;

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  • the volatility of the gold price may impact our future revenues, profits and cash flow;

  • volatile energy prices, commodity and consumables prices and currency exchange rates impact potential production costs; and

  • the devaluation and volatility of global stock markets impacts the valuation of our equity securities, which may impact our ability to raise funds through the issuance of equity.

These factors could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A.

History and Development of the Company

The legal and commercial name of the Company is “Pacific Rim Mining Corp.”.

The Company was formed by the amalgamation of Dayton Mining Corporation (“Dayton”) and Pacific Rim Mining Corp. (“Pacific Rim”) on April 11, 2002 under the former Company Act (British Columbia).

Effective March 29, 2004, the British Columbia legislature enacted the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “New Act”) and repealed the former Company Act (British Columbia) which previously governed the Company. The New Act removed many of the restrictions contained in the former act, including restrictions on the residency of directors, the place of annual general meetings and limits on authorized share capital. The New Act also uses new forms and terminology. Under the New Act, every company incorporated, amalgamated or continued under the former act must complete a mandatory transition rollover under the New Act to substitute a Notice of Articles for its Memorandum within two years of March 29, 2004, after which existing articles may be altered to take advantage of new provisions contained in the New Act. Under the New Act, the directors of the Company were permitted to approve and complete this mandatory transition rollover and, accordingly, the Company filed a transition application with the British Columbia Registrar of Companies effective July 26, 2004. At the annual general meeting held on September 22, 2004, the Company’s shareholders approved the removal of pre-existing company provisions that applied to the Company relating to restrictions in the former act and no longer required under the New Act. In addition, the shareholders approved new articles to bring the Company’s charter documents into line with the New Act and, as permitted by the New Act, altered the authorized capital of the Company from 1,000,000,000 common shares without par value to an unlimited number of common shares without par value and the alteration of the Notice of Articles. The changes were effected and the British Columbia Registrar of Companies issued a new Notice of Articles on January 20, 2005.

The Company is domiciled in British Columbia, Canada and is a company organized under the New Act. The Company’s principal place of business is located at Suite 1050, 625 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 2T6 and its registered and records office is located on the 10th Floor, 595 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 2T5. The Company, through its subsidiaries, has administration offices in Nevada and El Salvador. The Company’s U.S. agent is Dorsey & Whitney LLP, located at 1400 Wewatta Street, Suite 400, Denver, Colorado 80202-5549, USA.

Additional sources of information regarding Pacific Rim Mining Corp. include: information available on SEDAR (www.sedar.com) including the Company’s unaudited interim financial statements published quarterly; the Company’s 20-F filing (available at www.sec.gov); and, the Company’s corporate website www.pacrim-mining.com and Spanish-language informational website (www.pacificrim.com.sv).

B.

Business overview

Pacific Rim is an environmentally and socially responsible exploration company focused exclusively on high grade, environmentally clean gold deposits in the Americas. Pacific Rim’s most advanced asset is the high grade, vein-hosted El Dorado gold project in El Salvador, where the Company also owns several grassroots gold projects. The Company recently acquired a joint venture option on the Hog Ranch epithermal gold project in Nevada and is actively pursuing additional exploration opportunities elsewhere in the Americas.

The El Dorado gold project in El Salvador was the focus of virtually all of the Company’s exploration work between 2002 and 2008, when efforts to advance its El Salvador projects, including El Dorado, ceased as a result of the GOES passive refusal to issue a decision on the Company’s application for environmental and mining permits for the El Dorado project. The El Dorado project is now the subject of a legal dispute initiated by the Company’s subsidiary and owner of the El Dorado project, PacRim, under CAFTA and the Investment Law of El Salvador (the “CAFTA/ILES” action). Notwithstanding the ongoing CAFTA/ILES legal action, the Company continues to seek a negotiated resolution to the El Dorado permitting impasse and to renewing its advancement of the El Dorado project.

The Company’s business plans and management talent primarily lie in gold exploration in the Americas. Accordingly, management has renewed its focus on the acquisition of new projects of merit that fit its exploration objectives. In March 2011 the Company signed a letter of intent to acquire a 65% joint venture interest in the Hog Ranch epithermal gold property in northern Nevada. Subsequent to the end of fiscal 2011, a Definitive Agreement was executed between the Company and the Hog Ranch vendors, and exploration plans for Hog Ranch are now being coordinated. Earlier in fiscal 2011, the Company signed a letter of intent to acquire the Remance gold project in Panama. Formal acquisition of Remance remains on hold however, and is highly uncertain at this time, pending the outcome of an appeal launched by the property vendors in response to the Government of Panama’s recent denial of an extension to the Remance concession term. If this roadblock is overcome, the Company will proceed with the Remance acquisition. In the meantime, the Company is focusing is exploration efforts on the Hog Ranch property and on the ongoing search for additional project acquisitions.


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Pacific Rim’s shares trade under the symbol PMU on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) and on the OTCQX market in the US under the symbol PFRMF.

Significant Events During Fiscal 2011

Significant technical and corporate events that occurred during the twelve months ended April 30, 2011 include:

  • On May 31, and June 1, 2010, hearings on a Preliminary Objection filed by the GOES, which sought to dispose of nearly all of the claims brought by PacRim against GOES under CAFTA and the Investment Law of El Salvador, were held at the headquarters of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) in Washington, DC. On August 2, 2010 the ICSID tribunal panel that is hearing the investment claims of PacRim against the GOES, and that presided over the Preliminary Objection hearings, ruled in favour of PacRim, unanimously rejecting all of the arguments made by the GOES in its Preliminary Objection filed under Articles 10.20.4 and 10.20.5 of CAFTA.

  • On August 19, 2010, the Company notified NYSE Amex Equities (“NYSE Amex”) of its intent to voluntarily delist its common shares from NYSE Amex. As the Company remains a Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) registrant, it concurrently commenced a listing application for the Over the Counter QX (“OTCQX”) platform, an OTC trading platform with rigorous standards available to issuers listed on a major international stock exchange. The Company was delisted from NYSE Amex at the opening of the market on September 9, 2010, and concurrently commenced trading on the OTCQX under the symbol PFRMF.

  • On August 20, 1010, Pacific Rim, through its Panamanian subsidiary Minera Verde, signed a Letter of Intent (“LOI”) with Compania Minera Clifton S.A. (“Minera Clifton”) (collectively with the Company and Minera Verde, the “Remance Parties”) to acquire a 100% interest in the Remance project located in Panama, Central America. The Remance Parties have agreed to sign a formal option agreement granting Minera Verde the exclusive right and option to acquire 100% of Minera Clifton's right, title and interest in the Remance project. Minera Clifton’s application for an extension to the Remance concession term, as provided by Panamanian law, was recently denied; a decision which is currently being appealed by Minera Clifton. The Company does not intend to sign a final agreement to acquire the Remance project unless the term of the Remance concession is extended. While the Company is keeping the Remance LOI in effect during Minera Clifton’s appeal, the outcome of this process, and hence the Company’s final acquisition of the Remance project, is highly uncertain.

  • On September 21, 2010, the Company announced its intent to raise approximately $3.33 million CDN through a non- brokered private placement financing. On October 8, 2010 the private placement financing closed. A total of 19.6 million Units at a price of CDN $0.17 per Unit were issued to subscribers for gross proceeds of CDN $3,332.000. Each Unit consists of one common share of the Company and one half of one non-transferable share purchase warrant. Each full warrant entitles the holder to acquire one additional common share of the Company at a price of CDN $0.30 for a period of 24 months following the closing of the financing. The Company also issued 660,000 Units to certain finders in connection with the private placement, in payment of a finder’s fee of 6% of the proceeds raised from subscribers introduced by the finders, and 660,000 warrants to the finders representing 6% of the total number of Units sold to purchasers introduced by the finders.

  • On March 30, 2011, the Company announced that, through its US subsidiary Pacific Rim Exploration Ltd. (“PREx”), it had signed a LOI with ICN Resources Ltd. (“ICN”) and Washoe Gold Inc. (“WGI”) (collectively with the Company and PREx, the “Hog Ranch Parties”) to acquire a 65% interest in the Hog Ranch Property located in Washoe County, Nevada. Subsequent to the Company’s fiscal 2011 year end, the Hog Ranch Parties signed a Definitive Agreement (subject to final regulatory approval), which provides for the grant to PREx of an option to acquire a 65% interest (the ”Interest”) in the Hog Ranch Property through the expenditure of an aggregate of $8 million in exploration expenditures and the issuance of an aggregate of 1 million common shares of Pacific Rim.

  • On April 6, 2011, the Company announced its intent to raise up to CDN $3.5 million through a non-brokered private placement financing, which amount was increased to CDN $3.65 million on April 20, 2011.


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Subsequent to the end of the Company’s 2011 fiscal year, the following events occurred:

  • On May 3, 2011 the private placement financing announced on April 6, 2011 closed. A total of 17.6 million Units at a price of CDN $0.21 per Unit were issued to subscribers for gross proceeds of CDN $3,696,000. Each Unit consists of one common share of the Company and one half of one non-transferable share purchase warrant.

  • Between May 2 and 4, 2011, hearings on a second objection filed by the GOES in relation to PacRim’s action under CAFTA and the Investment Law of El Salvador took place at the ICSID headquarters in Washington, DC. The purpose of these hearings was for the ICSID Tribunal to hear argument and witness testimony regarding an objection (the “Jurisdiction Objection”) filed by the GOES in August 2010 wherein the GOES asserts that ICSID does not have jurisdiction to hear PacRim's claims under CAFTA or the Investment Law based largely on timing and nationality issues. The Jurisdiction Objection was filed immediately after the ICSID Tribunal panel unanimously rejected all of the GOES’s arguments made in an earlier Preliminary Objection (filed under Articles 10.20.4 and 10.20.5 of CAFTA) and issued a ruling in favor of PacRim. A ruling on the Jurisdiction Objection is not expected until late calendar 2011.

Current Market Status

The business of mining and exploration involves a high degree of risk. The Company is entirely reliant on its current cash and cash equivalents and future financings and/or financial arrangements in order to fund legal, exploration and administration expenses. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available now or in the future, or be available on favourable terms. Additional funding will be required in the future to maintain its ongoing exploration programs and property commitments, for administrative purposes and CAFTA/ILES arbitration and negotiation.

El Dorado Gold Project, El Salvador

The Company’s principal exploration property and sole material property is the El Dorado gold project, located in El Salvador approximately 65 kilometres northeast of the capital city San Salvador, and is Pacific Rim’s flagship advanced-stage exploration property. Pacific Rim, through PacRim and PRES, owns 100% of the El Dorado project. The El Dorado project comprises a 144 square kilometre area covered by three exploration licences with nominal expiry dates of September 28, 2013 (one licence) and September 29, 2013 (two licences) and a 12.75 square kilometre area pending conversion to an exploitation concession, which underlying exploration licence has a nominal expiry date of January 1, 2005. In accordance with Salvadoran Law, PRES presented a request for the conversion of this 12.75 square kilometre portion of the El Dorado exploration licences to an exploitation concession in December 2004. The conversion process is currently pending ministerial acceptance of PRES’s EIS and issuance of environmental permits. Salvadoran administrative laws and procedures give PRES exclusive rights to the exploitation concession area while the permitting process is underway. However, as a result of restricted access to documents in El Salvador due to the ongoing CAFTA/ILES arbitration, the Company has not had the ability to confirm or renew its existing Salvadoran exploration licences during fiscal 2011.

El Dorado is subject to a royalty of 3% of net smelter returns in favour of a previous property owner. Pacific Rim has the right to buy back the royalty for $1 million for the first 1.5% and $3 million for the second 1.5%, provided that at least one half of the royalty is acquired within six months of the commencement of commercial production.

The El Dorado gold project is Pacific Rim’s most advanced exploration project. El Dorado has current estimated resources of 1.4 million gold equivalent ounces in the Measured and Indicated categories combined, plus a further 0.3 million gold equivalent ounces in the Inferred category (readers are referred to the Company’s March 2008 El Dorado Technical Report filed on SEDAR www.sedar.com for additional important information regarding the El Dorado resources). Because the average grade of these resources (approximately 10.5 gold equivalent grams per tonne) is relatively high, the underground mine planned for the El Dorado deposits is expected to have low unit operating costs. Importantly, the El Dorado deposits are inherently environmentally clean and the production and processing is expected to have a negligible impact on the local environment. The El Dorado project has delivered many technical successes; however its path forward to development and operation has been hampered by excessively lengthy delays in the permitting process on the part of the GOES. The El Dorado project is currently the subject of a legal dispute under the auspices of the CAFTA international trade treaty and the Investment Law of El Salvador, as discussed above.

In July 2008 the Company suspended all drilling activity at the El Dorado project. This difficult decision was made in order to preserve capital and substantially reduce Pacific Rim’s El Salvador investment activity while the El Dorado permitting issue remains unresolved. The Company did not conduct any significant exploration work to further advance the El Dorado project during fiscal 2011. Activities undertaken by the Company at the El Dorado project during fiscal 2011 were restricted to care and maintenance responsibilities and baseline environmental data collection.

The Company does not intend to contemplate resuming significant exploration work designed to advance the El Dorado project further until such time as the environmental permit is received and the exploitation concession is granted. The Company intends to continue exploration activities and make expenditures required to keep the El Dorado property in good standing during fiscal 2012 and for the foreseeable future.


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Arbitration Claim Initiated

In April 2009, PacRim, a Nevada corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pacific Rim filed international arbitration proceedings against the GOES under CAFTA and the Investment Law of El Salvador in its own name and on behalf of PRES and DOREX (collectively the “Enterprises”). A Notice of Intent to commence international arbitration proceedings had previously been filed by PacRim in December 2008. PacRim has retained the Washington, DC-based international law firm of Crowell & Moring, LLP to represent it in the arbitration and is seeking award of damages in the hundreds of millions of dollars from the GOES for its multiple breaches of international and Salvadoran law.

Developments during the twelve months ended April 30, 2011

Hearings related to an objection (the “Preliminary Objection”) was held on May 31 and June 1, 2010 at ICSID headquarters in Washington, DC. The Preliminary Objection, wherein GOES sought to dispose of nearly all of PacRim’s case, was originally filed by the GOES on January 4, 2010 (fiscal 2010). On August 2, 2010 the ICSID Tribunal that is hearing the investment claims of PacRim against the GOES, and that presided over the Preliminary Objection hearings, ruled in favor of PacRim, unanimously rejecting all of the arguments made by the GOES in its Preliminary Objection filed under Articles 10.20.4 and 10.20.5 of CAFTA.

Immediately following the ICSID Preliminary Objection ruling, the GOES filed another objection (the “Jurisdiction Objection”), wherein the GOES asserts that ICSID does not have jurisdiction to hear PacRim's claims under CAFTA or the Investment Law based largely on timing and nationality issues. On May 2 - 4, 2011 hearings were again held at ICSID headquarters in Washington, DC in order for the ICSID Tribunal to hear argument and witness testimony regarding the Jurisdiction Objection. As with the Preliminary Objection, PacRim asserts the Jurisdiction Objection is without merit and looks forward to the Tribunal’s decision, anticipated for late calendar 2011. If the GOES is unsuccessful in its Jurisdiction Objection, the CAFTA/ILES action is expected to proceed to the merits phase during fiscal 2012.

Additional details regarding the El Dorado property and the legal arbitration action pertaining to it are provided in Item 4D –“Property, Plant and Equipment” below.

Other Properties

Hog Ranch Property, Nevada

In March 2011, Pacific Rim, through its US subsidiary Pacific Rim Exploration Inc. (“PREx”) signed an LOI with ICN Resources Ltd. (“ICN”) and Washoe Gold Inc. (“WGI”) (collectively with the Company and PREx, the “Hog Ranch Parties”) providing the Company with the option to acquire a 65% joint venture interest in the Hog Ranch Property located in Washoe County, Nevada, approximately 180 km north of Reno. Subsequent to the end of fiscal 2011 the Hog Ranch Parties signed a Definitive Agreement finalizing the terms of the LOI (subject to final regulatory approval) , the effective date (as defined therein) of which is July 8, 2011.

As per the Definitive Agreement, PREx has been granted the option to acquire a 65% interest (the ”Interest”) in the Hog Ranch Property through the expenditure of an aggregate of $8 million in exploration expenditures and the issuance of an aggregate of 1 million common shares of Pacific Rim, with annual extensions dependent on results of exploration. Pacific Rim, through PREx, is the operator of the Hog Ranch Property. Upon PREx earning the Interest, PREx and WGI agree to participate in a joint venture for the further exploration and development of Hog Ranch.

The Company is currently evaluating past drilling and geophysical results from previous operators of the Hog Ranch project, formulating a geologic model for Hog Ranch and planning the details of its Phase 1 exploration program, which is expected to commence imminently and include detailed geological mapping with emphasis on the structural geology, soil sampling, claim staking, and drill target definition. Included in this Phase 1 program will be a 10-15-hole drill program expected to begin by early calendar 2012.

Additional details regarding the Hog Ranch property are provided in Item 4D – “Property, Plant and Equipment” below.

Remance Gold Project, Panama

During fiscal 2011, the Company, through its Panamanian subsidiary Minera Verde, signed an LOI with Compania Minera Clifton S.A. (“Minera Clifton”) (collectively with the Company and Minera Verde, the “Remance Parties”) to acquire a 100% interest in the Remance project located in Panama, Central America.

The Remance Parties have agreed to sign a formal option agreement (the “Formal Agreement”) granting Minera Verde the exclusive right and option (the "Option") to acquire 100% of Minera Clifton's right, title and interest in the Remance project as soon as practicable. Signing of the Formal Agreement has not been concluded at this time and is currently highly uncertain. Minera Clifton’s application for an extension to the Remance concession term, as provided by Panamanian law, was recently denied; a decision which is currently being appealed by Minera Clifton. The extension denial by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry is highly suspicious and diplomatic efforts are aimed at pointing out these irregularities in an attempt to overturn the decision. While the Company is keeping the Remance LOI in effect during Minera Clifton’s appeal, the outcome of this process, and hence the Company’s final acquisition of the Remance project, is highly uncertain. If signed, the Formal Agreement will be subject to all required regulatory approvals, including the approval of the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”). The option to acquire Remance may be exercised by the Company by paying an aggregate of $200,000 in four equal tranches plus 5 million common shares of Pacific Rim to Minera Clifton, conducting a specified exploration program during the Option Period (as defined in the LOI) and paying $5 million in cash or common shares to Minera Clifton at the end of the Option Period.


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As noted above, the Remance project acquisition has not currently been completed and is highly uncertain at this time. The Company believes that Minera Clifton’s application for extension of the Remance concession term, normally a routine process permitted under Panamanian mining law, was sidelined by bureaucratic irregularities and issues within the ministry responsible for mining. If the Remance extension is ultimately granted to Minera Clifton, the Company intends to proceed with its acquisition of the Remance Project by signing the Formal Agreement.

The Company’s current knowledge of the Remance project suggests a thorough and systematic drill program is warranted to test the depth extent of the known near-surface gold mineralization (the Company would be obliged, as per the terms of the Remance, to conduct a 10,000 meter drill program on Remance in the first year of the Option Period as described above). A first phase exploration program, including environmental and metallurgical studies as well as drilling, is expected to cost approximately $1 million. The Company would require additional financing to complete its Remance exploration obligations.

Additional details regarding the Remance property are provided in Item 4D – “Property, Plant and Equipment” below.

Santa Rita and Zamora-Cerro Colorado Gold Projects, El Salvador

The Company‘s Santa Rita and Zamora-Cerro Colorado projects cover low-sulfidation epithermal gold districts in El Salvador. The Santa Rita gold project is located in central El Salvador, immediately northwest of the El Dorado project and is 100% claimed by the Company through staking. During fiscal 2010, the Santa Rita exploration licence expired and was immediately re-staked by the Company’s subsidiary DOREX. DOREX is currently awaiting approval of the new Santa Rita exploration licence. The Zamora-Cerro Colorado project comprises certain claims that are subject to an option agreement with a third party and additional claims that were staked and are100% owned by the Company. The Santa Rita and Zamora-Cerro Colorado projects occur along a regional gold belt that the Company believes stretches from its El Dorado system in El Salvador to a number of million-plus ounce gold systems in Guatemala.

Exploration activities were curtailed at both the Santa Rita and Zamora-Cerro Colorado projects in July 2008, concurrent with cessation of drilling at the El Dorado project, in keeping with the Company’s decision to significantly reduce its investment in El Salvador until such time as the El Dorado environmental permit is received and the exploitation concession is granted. No material developments occurred on the Santa Rita or Zamora-Cerro Colorado since that time. The Company intends to maintain the Zamora-Cerro Colorado licences during fiscal 2012 and beyond, and awaits approval of the re-staked Santa Rita licence. During fiscal 2010 an amendment to the Zamora-Cerro Colorado option agreement was signed by the Company and the property vendors Nycon Resources, Inc. and Cerro Colorado S.A. de C.V. (together, the “Optionor”). Under the terms of the amended agreement, the Company will retain its 100% option on the claims comprising the Zamora-Cerro Colorado property but will defer further option payments to the Optionor until the earlier of February 11, 2015 or such time as the Company receives an approved mining permit for the El Dorado project (being a clear signal of the GOES’s support of the mining industry in El Salvador). All other aspects of the option agreement remain unchanged.

Additional details regarding the Santa Rita and Zamora-Cerro Colorado properties and the detailed terms of the Zamora-Cerro Colorado option agreement are provided in Item 4D - “Property, Plant and Equipment” below .

Competition

The mineral property exploration and development business, in general, is intensively competitive and there is not any assurance that even if commercial quantities of ore are discovered, a ready market will exist for sale of same. Numerous factors beyond our control may affect the marketability of any substances discovered. These factors include market fluctuations; the proximity and capacity of natural resource markets and processing equipment; and government regulations, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting of mineral and environmental protection. The exact effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but the combination of these factors may make it difficult for us to receive an adequate return on investment.


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We compete with many companies possessing greater financial resources and technical facilities for the acquisition of mineral concessions, claims, leases and other mineral interests as well as for the recruitment and retention of qualified employees.

Seasonality

There are no seasonal affects on our mineral properties.

C.

Organizational Structure

The Company has the following material subsidiary companies:

Name
Jurisdiction of incorporation
or organization
Percent of voting shares owned by the
Company
Pac Rim Cayman LLC Nevada, USA 100% directly owned
Dayton Mining (U.S.) Inc. (1) Nevada, USA 100% directly owned
Minera Verde. S.A. (2) Panama 100% directly owned
Pacific Rim Exploration Inc.
Nevada, USA
100% indirectly owned through
Pac Rim Cayman LLC
Pacific Rim El Salvador S.A. de C.V. (3) El Salvador
100% indirectly owned through
Pac Rim Cayman LLC
Dorado Exploraciones SA de C.V. (4)
El Salvador
100% indirectly owned through
Pac Rim Cayman LLC
Pacrimco, S.A. (5)
Costa Rica
100% indirectly owned through Pac
Rim Cayman LLC

  (1)

This subsidiary held the Company’s 49% interest in the Denton-Rawhide joint venture.

  (2)

This subsidiary was created to hold the Remance property in Panama.

  (3)

This subsidiary holds the Company’s interest in the El Dorado exploration licence that is under application for conversion to an exploitation concession.

  (4)

This subsidiary holds the Company’s interests in the El Dorado exploration licences, and the Zamora-Cerro Colorado project claims not included in the Zamora-Cerro Colorado option agreement, and has applied for new exploration licences to cover the Santa Rita project, all in El Salvador.

  (5)

This subsidiary was created in 2008 to hold potential Costa Rican exploration property acquisitions .

Unless the context otherwise indicates, reference to the term the “Company” in this Annual Report on Form 20-F includes Pacific Rim Mining Corp. and its subsidiaries.

D.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Mineral Properties

The Company is a British Columbia based mineral resource corporation engaged, through its subsidiaries, in the acquisition, exploration and, if warranted, development of precious metals properties, primarily gold and silver.

The Company is principally involved in the exploration for high-grade epithermal gold and silver deposits in the Americas. The Company’s only advanced material project is the El Dorado gold property in El Salvador and the Company continues to search for exploration projects to acquire in the Americas that meet its exploration focus.

El Salvador Properties

El Salvador Mining Regime

The following is based on the Company’s understanding of the El Salvador mining regime.

Under the laws of El Salvador, the government owns all mineral rights. All private and government-owned lands that have not been declared areas of protection for reasons of national sovereignty, areas of cultural or social interest, areas of ecological or environmental protection or areas of capitation of surface or underground waters for potable water supply; zones occupied by public service facilities; or areas that are within the urban limit of cities or towns are open to exploration and are available through application for an exploration license, which can subsequently be converted to an exploitation concession upon compliance with certain conditions. An exploration license is held by payment of an annual fee, compliance with the environmental laws of the country and fulfilment of the technical exploration program, which may be modified on an annual basis. El Salvadorian mining laws do not discriminate between nationals and foreigners.


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El Salvador’s current mining law, which was enacted in 1996 and last amended in 2001, governs the provisions for granting of exploration licences and exploitation concessions. By granting an exploitation concession, the El Salvadoran Ministry of Economy’s Department of Hydrocarbons and Mines confers upon the applicant the right to produce and sell valuable commodities recovered from the natural resources within the area of the concession. To be granted an exploitation concession, which is a necessary step to commencing mining extraction activities, an environmental permit based on an Environmental Impact Study (“EIS”) must first be approved by the Salvadoran Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (“MARN”). The applicant must also satisfy a number of other conditions. Once granted, the concession requires that development activities commence within 12 months of the date of the final concession agreement and that the mine and associated facilities be built and operated in accordance with the conditions of the environmental permit.

El Dorado Property, El Salvador

The Company’s most advanced property in El Salvador is the El Dorado Property, which consists of three exploration licenses (contiguous to and completely surrounding the pending exploitation concession area), which the Company, indirectly through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, holds as to a 100% interest.

The information presented below summarizes information prepared under the supervision of Mr. Steven Ristorcelli, P.Geo., of Mine Development Associates. This information is included in a report entitled “Technical Report Update on the El Dorado Project Gold and Silver Resources” dated March 3, 2008 co-authored by Mr. Ristorcelli and Mr. Peter Ronning, P.Eng. each of whom are independent Qualified Persons as defined in NI 43-101. Information presented under the headings “Recent Developments”, “January 2008 Updated Resource Estimate”, “Environmental Impact Study and Mining Permit” “CAFTA Action” and “Summary” has been updated by the Company to reflect developments that have occurred since March 3, 2008, being the date of the most recent El Dorado Technical Report.

Predecessor Dayton upon its acquisition of Mirage Resource Corp. in April 2000 acquired the El Dorado Property. Mirage initially acquired the El Dorado Property by option agreement dated June 23, 1993 from Zinc Metal Company (“ZMC”) of Toronto, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, New York and El Salvador Mining Company. The option was exercised on August 25, 1994 in accordance with its terms by payment of $175,000 to ZMC and by the parties having incurred aggregate expenditures in excess of $800,000. Pursuant to the terms of the option agreement, the El Dorado Property is subject to annual advance minimum royalty payments, which are the greater of $50,000 per year or a 3% net smelter return royalty in favour of ZMC. The Company has the right to purchase the royalty from ZMC for $4,000,000 ($1,000,000 for the first one-half and $3,000,000 for the second one half) provided that at least one-half of the royalty is acquired within six months of the commencement of commercial production. In addition, the government of El Salvador is entitled to a 2% net smelter return royalty.

By agreement dated March 29, 2006, the Company superseded an option agreement dated November 14, 2003 to acquire a parcel of land suitable for mineral exploitation activities within the El Dorado exploration licence area. Under the terms of the new agreement, the Company has prepaid an annual rental fee in the amount of $29,000 with the option to purchase the parcel for a payment of $971,000 at any time up to April 1, 2007. During fiscal 2007 the Company commenced the process of exercising its option to purchase one of the larger parcels of land over which it holds a purchase option agreement (negotiated during fiscal 2004), and advanced to the property owner $0.3 million of the $1.0 million total negotiated option payment. During fiscal 2008, upon transfer of title in the parcel of land to the Company, the final $0.7 million was paid. Although the El Dorado Property contains geological mineral resources, none of the Company’s properties in El Salvador, including the El Dorado Property, contain known ore reserves (as defined under the SEC’s Industry Guide 7) and all work programs are exploratory searches for ore grade mineralization.

Property Description and Location

The El Dorado Property (see Figures 1 and 2 below) is comprised of three exploration licenses totalling 14,407 hectares with nominal expiry dates of September 28, 2013 (one license) and September 29, 2013 (two licenses), and the 1,275 hectare area of the pending Exploitation Concession, which underlying exploration license has a nominal expiry date of January 1, 2005. The Company continues to hold the 1,275 hectare pending Exploitation Concession area beyond its expiry date as it has declared its intention to convert the land holding to an Exploitation Concession, which will have a term of 30 years and may be extended if warranted. See “El Salvador Mining Regime” above. The cost to hold the licenses is a rental of $300 per square kilometre, amounting to $47,046 per year. The Company is up to date with the regulatory obligations required to maintain the licenses in good standing and is awaiting final approval of the pending exploitation concession.

In addition to its mineral rights, the Company owns approximately 765,000 square metres of real estate in the central part of the El Dorado Property.


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Part of the El Dorado license area was the scene of mining by another company between 1948 and 1953. The Company and its environmental consultants believe that there are no existing environmental liabilities on the project related to that earlier period of production nor to the exploration activities of the Company and its predecessor companies.

The exploration license area contains several prospects and deposits. Their stage of exploration and development ranges from recently discovered veins that have never been drilled to deposits that have resource estimates. The Company’s permanent installations on the property at the present time consist of a laboratory for crushing rock samples and core storage warehouses with facilities for describing and sampling drill core. None of the mid-20th century mine workings are accessible at present.

The El Dorado Property is in the Department of Cabañas, approximately 74 kilometres northeast of San Salvador, the capital city of the nation, and 10 kilometres southwest of the town of Sensuntepeque.


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Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography

The El Dorado Property is accessible by a paved road that crosses the El Dorado Property. The travel time from the project site to San Salvador is approximately two and one-half hours, depending on traffic levels.

The area has a large rural population and Sensuntepeque is a moderate sized town of approximately 20,000 people. Unskilled labour and persons with general business and technical skills should be readily available. El Salvador does not have an indigenous mining industry, so personnel with exploration and mining skills need to be trained or come from elsewhere.

The usual public utilities are available in Sensuntepeque. The communication infrastructure, including telephone and internet, is serviceable. The existing buildings on the project site are connected to the national electrical grid, but the power supply is not considered reliable enough to service a mine.

The terrain in the El Dorado Property area is one of moderate relief surrounded by higher hills to the north, east, and west. Elevations range between 200 m and 800 m above sea level. A tropical climate prevails, with a pronounced wet season from May to October and a dry season the remainder of the year. The project area contains shallow topsoils and volcanic subsoils that are cultivated for seasonal crops. Five perennial streams or rivers traverse the El Dorado License area. Water levels vary with the seasons with good flows being maintained during the wet season.

History

The colonial Spanish discovered gold in the district in the early 1500’s, and there was sporadic, largely unrecorded small-scale production until the late 1800’s. In the period from 1948 to 1953, the New York and El Salvador Mining Company operated an underground mine, producing approximately 270,000 tonnes of ore yielding about 72,500 troy ounces (2,250 kilograms) of gold.

Extensive exploration since 1993 has included surface geological mapping, rock sampling and prospecting, campaigns of hand and bulldozer trenching, core drilling, and minor reverse circulation drilling.

Geological Setting

El Salvador can be divided into four morphological-geological units: Coastal Plains, Coastal Ranges, Great Interior Valley, and the Northern Mountain Ranges. El Dorado is situated in the Great Interior Valley, underlain by Eocene felsic to mafic volcanic rocks; in other words, dark to light coloured volcanic rocks in the order of 38 to 55 million years old.

Mineralization on the El Dorado Property consists of gold and silver bearing quartz veins that are contained within the volcanic rocks. The gold and silver bearing veins of the El Dorado district, of which at least 36 exceed 1 m in width, occur over an area exceeding 50 square kilometres. Vein mineralization is dominated by quartz and calcite and ranges in width between 1 m and 15 m in surface exposures. The vein systems are up to 3 km in length, dip steeply, and generally form ridges.

The mineralization fits the model of the low sulphidation epithermal type of mineralization, also referred to as the adularia-sericite type. A number of deposits around the world that belong to this type are being profitably mined.

In terms of its structure and mineral deposits the Exploration License Area can be divided into 3 districts, Central, Northern, and Southern. The three districts are separated from each other by northwest trending regional scale faults whose primary displacement was lateral. Within each district, deposits are contained within quartz veins that formed along fractures that opened under tension. The mineralized veins are for the most part within about 30 degrees of vertical and trend generally north-south, but there is considerable variation both within and between districts.

Exploration

The long history of recent exploration on the El Dorado Property includes extensive mapping of mineralized structures, lithogeochemical sampling, trenching and drilling. There have been numerous ancillary studies including environmental base line work.

Geological mapping to varying levels of detail, done by the Company and its predecessors, covers approximately 2,000 hectares of the 14,400 hectare property. Digital maps have been generated at scales ranging from 1:1,000 to 1:10,000. In addition, the project archives contain numerous individual maps of trenches, veins and target areas at various scales.

Geological mapping has been accompanied by frequent sampling of the rocks on the surface. The samples are variously described as channel samples, chip channel samples, selected chips, random chips and grab samples.


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Mineralization

The El Dorado License area contains many deposits, prospects and occurrences in veins, hot spring deposits and hydrothermal breccias. They are found in three districts, north, central and south, that are distinguished from each other by the dominant vein orientations and the level of the hydrothermal system that is exposed on the present-day surface. The veins have complex, multi-stage histories of formation.

The dimensions of mineralized veins are as varied as their exploration status, ranging from those known only in single outcrops to those that have been traced on the surface over lengths of between one and two kilometres. Systems of related veins are up to three kilometres long. In those veins that have been mined or extensively drilled, mineralization has been demonstrated to exist over vertical intervals of up to 300 metres. (In considering vein lengths and vertical dimensions it is important to note that at a detailed level mineralization in this type of system is highly variable).

Sampling and Analysis

The sampling method used by the Company field personnel varies with the purpose of the sample. Geologists doing initial reconnaissance or prospecting may collect selected grab samples from new discoveries. Such samples would be intended only to determine if minerals of interest are present, not to estimate grades for any volume of material.

For more systematic sampling, outcrops are cleaned off and in some cases shallow hand trenches are dug. Continuous chip samples are collected over intervals selected by a geologist. In many cases local labourers do the sampling, under a geologist’s supervision. The manner of sampling is recorded in field notes and is entered into the digital database of surface samples.

Intervals from drill core to be sampled are selected by the geologist logging the core. All vein material and visibly mineralized material is sampled, with enough immediately adjacent, apparently unmineralized material sampled to make sure that all intervals are adequately tested. Sampling is done after logging is complete. The core is sawn in half along its axis. The Company’s immediate predecessor as operator, Dayton, also used a rock saw for sampling core from 13 holes it drilled in 2000. Operators prior to Dayton used a percussion core splitter.

Core recovery, which affects the degree to which samples are representative, is very good in the current drilling. In mineralized intervals it averages better than 98%. In past drilling, prior to the Company becoming operator, resource estimators found local problems with core recovery, finding that it averaged as low as 76% in some mineralized veins.

The Company collected a large quantity of unmineralized material from a site in the region. This material is used as sample “blanks” that are inserted into the sample stream at a rate of one into every batch of 25 samples, as a quality control measure.

All of the Company’s samples are analyzed at the laboratory of Inspectorate America in Sparks, Nevada. About 25% of the samples are analyzed in duplicate by selecting a batch of material already pulverized by Inspectorate and sending it to another lab, American Assay. Once the results of the re-analysis are received, about 15% to 20% of the duplicated samples are selected for re-analysis starting with the coarse reject material.

All samples which return gold results exceeding 3 g Au/tonne in the initial analysis are analyzed again using a fire assay preparation with a gravimetric finish.

Security of Samples

All sampling is done by the Company’s employees, either geologists or labourers supervised by geologists. Once collected, samples are kept at the Company’s on-site facility until they are picked up by employees of Inspectorate America’s Guatemalan affiliate. They are transported by road to the Guatemalan laboratory, where they are prepared and trans-shipped to Nevada for analysis. Some of the samples may, from time to time, be opened and inspected by border officials at the border crossing from El Salvador to Guatemala.

Metallurgy

Metallurgical test work has shown the El Dorado mineralization responds well to milling and cyanide leaching. Recoveries of over 92% for gold and over 88% for silver are expected. Historic recoveries during past production ranged from 87% to 91.5% for gold and 77.7% for silver.

January 2008 Resource Estimate

On January 17, 2008 the Company released the results of an updated resource estimate for the El Dorado gold project, in which 1.4 million gold equivalent ounces were tabulated in the Measured and Indicated resource categories combined and a further 0.3 million gold equivalent ounces were tabulated in the Inferred category. Full details of the 2008 El Dorado resource estimate, by deposit and resource category, are presented below.


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El Dorado Project Resources (as of January 17, 2008)
Deposit


Resource
Category

Tonnes


Gold
Grade
(g Au/t)
Gold
Ounces

Silver
Grade
(g Ag/t)
Silver
Ounces

Gold
Equivalen
t Grade
(g AuEq/t)
Gold
Equivalent
Ounces
Balsamo Indicated 566,700 9.86 179,600 112.95 2,058,000 11.47 209,000
  Inferred 281,200 7.71 69,700 76.29 690,000 8.80 79,600
                 
Minita Measured 614,100 12.23 241,500 80.59 1,591,200 13.39 264,300
  Indicated 1,175,100 9.65 364,400 58.16 2,197,300 10.47 395,700
  Total M&I 1,789,200 10.53 605,900 65.86 3,788,500 11.47 660,000
  Inferred 78,400 10.39 26,200 67.44 170,000 11.39 28,700
                 
South Minita Indicated 1,070,900 9.25 318,400 63.99 2,203,000 10.16 349,900
  Inferred 302,800 7.20 70,100 48.23 470,000 7.89 76,800
                 
Nance Dulce Inferred 128,900 19.56 81,100 121.98 506,000 21.30 88,300
                 
Coyotera Measured 166,000 7.86 42,100 57.79 309,000 8.69 46,500
  Indicated 501,000 7.15 115,200 58.68 945,000 7.99 128,700
  Total M&I 667,000 7.34 157,300 58.48 1,254,000 8.17 175,200
  Inferred 19,000 5.83 3,600 72.12 44,000 6.86 4,200
                 
Nueva Esperanza Indicated 183,000 5.77 33,900 30.47 179,000 6.20 36,400
  Inferred 29,000 4.67 4,300 35.49 33,000 5.17 4,800
                 
TOTAL MEASURED
ALL DEPOSITS
780,100
11.31
283,600
75.76
1,900,200
12.39
310,800
TOTAL INDICATED
ALL DEPOSITS
3,496,700
9.00
1,011,500
67.45
7,582,300
9.96
1,119,700
TOTAL MEASURED &
INDICATED ALL
DEPOSITS
4,276,800

9.42

1,295,100

68.96

9,482,500

10.40

1,430,500

TOTAL INFERRED
ALL DEPOSITS
839,300
9.45
255,000
70.89
1,913,000
10.47
282,400
Notes:
1) Resources based on a gold equivalent cut-off grade of 4.0 g AuEq/t and greater than a grade-times-thickness of 4 (g AuEq/t x meters)
2) Gold equivalents based upon a silver to gold ratio of 70:1
3) Resources for the Minita, South Minita, Nance Dulce, Coyotera and Nueva Esperanza deposits are unchanged from the July 2006 El Dorado Resource Estimate (see NI 43-101 disclosure)

The mineral resource estimates presented above have been calculated in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 as required by Canadian securities regulatory authorities, which differs from standards of the SEC. The resource estimates contained in this discussion would not be permitted in reports of U.S. Companies filed with the SEC. See “Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Regarding Resource and Reserve Estimates” above.

The resources were estimated by interpreting drill intercepts in cross section, coding samples, capping assays, compositing to vein thicknesses, and estimating grades and thicknesses of each of the veins into three dimensional grade thickness models. Each of the three veins comprising the Minita resource, ten veins comprising the South Minita resource, and five veins comprising the Balsamo resource were estimated separately. The 4.0 g/t cut-off grade (wherein gold equivalents are based on a silver to gold ratio of 70:1 and greater than a grade-times-thickness of 4 (g AuEq/t x metres)) is predicated on estimated operating costs of $49.68 per tonne, estimated gold recovery of 90% and a gold price of $400 per ounce. These parameters stem from the Company’s 2005 El Dorado prefeasibility study, the results of which are based on various input estimates related to costs and commodity prices that were current at the time of its publication. Readers are cautioned that significant changes have occurred in a number of the inputs used in the January 2005 El Dorado prefeasibility study since its publication in January 2005. However, the Company and its consultants elected to maintain the 4.0 g/t gold equivalent cut-off grade for the 2008 El Dorado resource estimate in order to facilitate comparisons between the current resource estimate and the 2006 resource estimate. Full technical reports related to the 2008 El Dorado resource estimate, the 2006 El Dorado resource estimate and the 2005 El Dorado pre-feasibility study are publicly available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.


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The foregoing disclosure under “January 2008 Updated Resource Estimate” is based on information prepared under the supervision of Mr. Steven Ristorcelli, P.Geo., of Mine Development Associates, contained in a report entitled “Technical Report Update on the El Dorado Project Gold and Silver Resources” dated March 3, 2008 co-authored by Mr. Ristorcelli and Mr. Peter Ronning, P.Eng. each of whom are independent Qualified Persons. This information has further been reviewed and verified by Mr. William Gehlen, Certified Professional Geologist and a Qualified Person. Mr. Gehlen is the Vice-President of Exploration of the Company and supervised the Company’s exploration work on the El Salvador properties. The Company’s sampling procedures follow the Exploration Best Practices Guidelines outlined by the Mining Standards Task Force and adopted by the TSX. Samples have been assayed using fire assay with a gravimetric finish on a 30-gram split. Quality control measures, including check- and sample standard-assaying, are being implemented. Samples were assayed by Inspectorate America Corporation in Reno, Nevada, an ISO 9002 certified laboratory, independent of the Company.

Recent Developments

In July 2008, the Company suspended all drilling activity at the El Dorado project. This decision was made in order to preserve capital and substantially reduce Pacific Rim’s El Salvador investment activity while the El Dorado permitting issue remains unresolved. See “Environmental Impact Study and Mining Permit” below. The Company did not conduct any significant exploration work to further advance the El Dorado project during fiscal 2011. Exploration activities undertaken by the Company at the El Dorado project during fiscal 2011 were restricted to care and maintenance responsibilities, baseline environmental data collection and community consultations. The Company also participated in several GOES administrative and legislative initiatives and studies focused on mining in El Salvador.

Environmental Impact Study and Mining Permit

In September 2004, PRES submitted an EIS to MARN for a 750 tonne per day operation based on producing precious metals from the Minita deposit alone. In September 2005, the finalized EIS, which incorporated initial comments from MARN, was resubmitted to MARN. MARN then conveyed its technical approval of the EIS, and instructed PRES to submit the EIS for public comment, which was carried out in October 2005. In March 2006, PRES received from MARN a list of issues raised during the public comment period and was asked to amend the EIS to address these and a number of other issues. In October 2006, the amended EIS, which included the requested clarification on a number of items, was resubmitted to MARN. Finally, in December 2006, PRES submitted a proposal for a water treatment plant in response to additional comments by MARN.

Well over four years have passed since the El Dorado EIS was submitted in its final form to MARN, during which time MARN has failed to take action on approval of the EIS. This in turn is preventing a resolution to PRES’s exploitation concession application.

Arbitration Claim under CAFTA and the ILES

In April 2009, PacRim, a Nevada corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pacific Rim filed international arbitration proceedings against the GOES under CAFTA and the Investment Law of El Salvador in its own name and on behalf of PRES and DOREX (collectively the “Enterprises”). A Notice of Intent to commence international arbitration proceedings had previously been filed by PacRim in December 2008. PacRim has retained the Washington, DC-based international law firm of Crowell & Moring, LLP to represent it in the arbitration and is seeking award of damages in the hundreds of millions of dollars from the GOES for its multiple breaches of international and Salvadoran law.

Basis of Claim

Since acquiring the El Dorado project in El Salvador in 2002, PacRim and the Enterprises have operated in full compliance with Salvadoran law, including the country’s environmental, mining and foreign investment laws, and have met or exceeded all applicable standards while conducting business in El Salvador. Ample evidence, however, demonstrates that the GOES has failed to fulfill its obligations.


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PacRim’s claims are based on the GOES’s breaches of international and Salvadoran law arising out of the GOES’s improper failure to finalize the permitting process in accordance with Salvadoran law. This conduct by the GOES has resulted in a significant loss to PacRim, the shareholders of Pacific Rim and to the local communities, and has unnecessarily delayed normal development of these valuable deposits.

Pacific Rim’s mandate to its shareholders is to build a gold mining company that explores and develops gold deposits in an environmentally responsible manner. In meeting its responsibilities, a mine design for the Enterprises’ El Dorado gold project located in the department of Cabañas, was submitted to the GOES in its final form more than three years ago. Despite strong local support and the inclusion of carefully engineered and reliable environmental protections for the proposed El Dorado Mine, the GOES has not met its responsibility to issue the Enterprises the permits necessary to advance the project to the final step of full production.

Fiscal 2011 Developments

Hearings related to an objection (the “Preliminary Objection”) were held on May 31 and June 1, 2010 at ICSID headquarters in Washington, DC. The Preliminary Objection, wherein GOES sought to dispose of nearly all of PacRim’s case, was originally filed by the GOES on January 4, 2010 (fiscal 2010). On August 2, 2010 the ICSID Tribunal that is hearing the investment claims of PacRim against the GOES, and that presided over the Preliminary Objection hearings, ruled in favor of PacRim, unanimously rejecting all of the arguments made by the GOES in its Preliminary Objection filed under Articles 10.20.4 and 10.20.5 of CAFTA.

Immediately following the ICSID Preliminary Objection ruling, the GOES filed another objection (the “Jurisdiction Objection”), wherein the GOES asserts that ICSID does not have jurisdiction to hear PacRim's claims under CAFTA or the Investment Law based largely on timing and nationality issues. On May 2 - 4, 2011 hearings were again held at ICSID headquarters in Washington, DC in order for the ICSID Tribunal to hear argument and witness testimony regarding the Jurisdiction Objection. As with the Preliminary Objection, PacRim asserts the Jurisdiction Objection is without merit and looks forward to the Tribunal’s decision, anticipated for late calendar 2011. If the GOES is unsuccessful in its Jurisdiction Objection, the CAFTA/ILES action is expected to proceed to the merits phase during fiscal 2012.

Summary

The El Dorado gold project is Pacific Rim’s most advanced exploration project. El Dorado has current estimated resources of 1.4 million gold equivalent ounces in the Measured and Indicated categories combined, plus a further 0.3 million gold equivalent ounces in the Inferred category (readers are referred to the Company’s March 2008 El Dorado Technical Report filed on SEDAR www.sedar.com for additional important information regarding the El Dorado resources). Because the average grade of these resources (approximately 10.5 gold equivalent grams per tonne) is relatively high, the underground mine planned for the El Dorado deposits is expected to have low unit operating costs. Importantly, the El Dorado deposits are inherently environmentally clean and the production and processing is expected to have a negligible impact on the local environment. The El Dorado project has delivered many technical successes; however its path forward to development and operation has been hampered by excessively lengthy delays in the permitting process on the part of the GOES. The El Dorado project is currently the subject of a legal dispute under the auspices of the CAFTA international trade treaty and the Investment Law of El Salvador, as discussed above.

The Company drastically reduced its Salvadoran exploration expenditures during fiscal 2009, which primarily affected exploration work at the El Dorado project. The Company does not intend to contemplate resuming significant exploration work designed to advance the El Dorado project further until such time as the environmental permit is received and the exploitation concession is granted. The Company intends to continue exploration activities and make expenditures required to keep the El Dorado property in good standing during fiscal 2012 and for the foreseeable future.

Santa Rita Gold Project, El Salvador

There are no known ore reserves on the Santa Rita property and all work programs on the property are exploratory searches for ore grade mineralization.

The Santa Rita gold project is located in central El Salvador, immediately northwest of the El Dorado project. The Santa Rita exploration licence was staked by the Company’s subsidiary PRES in July 2005 after its regional reconnaissance program in El Salvador resulted in the discovery of gold-bearing quartz-calcite boulders. During fiscal 2010, the Santa Rita exploration licence expired and was immediately re-staked by the Company’s subsidiary DOREX. DOREX is currently awaiting approval of the new Santa Rita exploration licence.

PRES discovered an epithermal quartz-calcite vein system at Santa Rita in fiscal 2006. Two distinct veins were originally discovered and surface rock channel samples collected from along the length of one of these, the 2+ kilometre long Trinidad vein, which returned anomalous gold (between 6.4 g/t gold and 118.3 g/t over vein widths of 1 to 2 meters) at various localities along its length. In late fiscal 2006 PRES received a permit from MARN to conduct a drill program on the Santa Rita gold project. However, during fiscal 2007 the Company stepped back from exploration work at Santa Rita when the project became the target of anti-mining protests. Exploration work at Santa Rita resumed during fiscal 2008 and continued into early fiscal 2009.


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Notwithstanding the excellent exploration potential demonstrated to date at the Santa Rita project, exploration activities were curtailed in July 2008 in keeping with the Company’s decision to significantly reduce its investment in El Salvador until such time as the El Dorado environmental permit is received and the exploitation concession is granted. DOREX is currently awaiting receipt of approval of its application for the new Santa Rita exploration licence.

The foregoing disclosure has been prepared by or under the supervision of William Gehlen, Certified Professional Geologist, a Qualified Person for the purposes of NI 43-101. Mr. Gehlen is the Vice-President of Exploration of the Company. The Company’s sampling procedures follow the Exploration Best Practices Guidelines outlined by the Mining Standards Task Force and adopted by the TSX. Samples have been assayed using fire assay with a gravimetric finish on a 30-gram split. Quality control measures, including check- and sample standard-assaying, are being implemented. Samples were assayed by Inspectorate America Corporation in Reno, Nevada, an ISO 9002 certified laboratory, independent of the Company.

Zamora-Cerro Colorado Gold Project, El Salvador

There are no known ore reserves on the Zamora-Cerro Colorado property and all work programs on the property are exploratory searches for ore grade mineralization.

During fiscal 2006 Pacific Rim signed an agreement to acquire a 100% interest in the Zamora gold project in El Salvador from a consortium of private companies, which was amended in fiscal 2007 to include additional exploration licences known as Cerro Colorado.

On February 11, 2010, an amendment to the Zamora-Cerro Colorado option agreement was signed by the Company and the property vendors Nycon Resources, Inc. and Cerro Colorado S.A. de C.V. (collectively, the “Optionor”). Under the terms of the amended agreement, the Company will retain is 100% option on the claims comprising the Zamora-Cerro Colorado property but will defer all further and remaining option payments to the Optionor until the earlier of February 11, 2015, or such time as the Company receives an approved mining permit for the El Dorado project (being a clear signal of the GOES’ support of the mining industry in El Salvador). All other aspects of the option agreement remain unchanged.

The schedule of advanced royalty payments required to maintain the Company’s option to purchase the Zamora-Cerro Colorado property, as per the amended agreement is:

Upon TSX approval of the amended agreement: 100,000 shares plus 100,000 warrants of the Company (shares issued)
Yearly advanced royalty payments: The greater of:
       First anniversary        100,000 shares or $100,000 in shares of the Company (shares issued)
       Second anniversary        140,000 shares or $140,000 in shares of the Company (shares issued)
       Third anniversary        200,000 shares or $200,000 in shares of the Company (shares issued)
       Fourth payment - Payment date is earlier 
       of the date the Company receives 
       confirmation that the Government of the 
       Republic of El Salvador has granted a 
       mining exploitation concession for the El 
       Dorado Project and February 11, 2015
       300,000 shares or $300,000 in shares of the Company (option payment
       deferred – see above)



       Fifth payment – due on anniversary of 
       fourth payment per February 2010 
       amended agreement and subsequent 
       anniversaries
       400,000 shares or $400,000 in shares of the Company (option payment 
       deferred – see above)

The above advanced royalty payment schedule applies to both the Zamora and Cerro Colorado exploration license options and supersedes the original agreement terms. As per the terms of the revised agreement, advanced royalty payments as outlined above will continue until production is achieved or the exploration concessions expire. Title to 100% of the Cerro Colorado and Zamora exploration licenses is to be transferred to Pacific Rim at such time as a positive production decision is made by the Company. Upon achievement of commercial production from the Cerro Colorado or Zamora claims, the sellers are entitled to receive a 3% net smelter royalty to a maximum of $10 million (inclusive of the dollar value of the advanced royalty payments made).

The Zamora and Cerro Colorado claims comprise a 125 square kilometre land package located 50 kilometres north of San Salvador, in El Salvador. The Company has staked additional ground between the Cerro Colorado and Zamora licences it optioned in order to cover what the Company believes is a large gold-bearing epithermal system situated on the same regional gold belt that hosts PRES’s El Dorado and Santa Rita gold systems in El Salvador and a number of million-plus ounce gold systems in Guatemala. The Company has not yet received confirmation that the licences it staked in fiscal 2008 and early fiscal 2009 have been formally granted.


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Despite the positive exploration results the Company has generated to date on the Zamora-Cerro Colorado project, further exploration activities were curtailed in July 2008 in keeping with the Company’s decision to significantly reduce its investment in El Salvador until such time as the El Dorado environmental permit is received and the exploitation concession is granted. The Company intends to continue exploration activities required to keep the Zamora-Cerro Colorado licences in good standing during fiscal 2012.

The foregoing disclosure has been prepared by or under the supervision of William Gehlen, Certified Professional Geologist, a Qualified Person for the purposes of NI 43-101. Mr. Gehlen is the Vice-President of Exploration of the Company. The Company’s sampling procedures follow the Exploration Best Practices Guidelines outlined by the Mining Standards Task Force and adopted by the TSX. Samples have been assayed using fire assay with a gravimetric finish on a 30-gram split. Quality control measures, including check- and sample standard-assaying, are being implemented. Samples were assayed by Inspectorate America Corporation in Reno, Nevada, an ISO 9002 certified laboratory, independent of the Company.

Other Properties

Hog Ranch Property, Nevada

In March 2011, Pacific Rim, through its US subsidiary Pacific Rim Exploration Inc. (“PREx”) signed a Letter of Intent (“LOI”) with ICN Resources Ltd. (“ICN”) and Washoe Gold Inc. (“WGI”) (collectively with the Company and PREx, the “Hog Ranch Parties”) providing the Company with the option to acquire a 65% joint venture interest in the Hog Ranch Property located in Washoe County, Nevada, approximately 180 km north of Reno. Subsequent to the end of fiscal 2011 the Hog Ranch Parties signed a Definitive Agreement finalizing the terms of the LOI (subject to final regulatory approval) , the effective date (as defined therein) of which is July 8, 2011.

As per the Definitive Agreement, PREx has been granted the option to acquire a 65% interest (the ”Interest”) in the Hog Ranch Property through the expenditure of an aggregate of $8 million in exploration expenditures and the issuance of an aggregate of 1 million common shares of Pacific Rim, with annual extensions dependent on results of exploration, according to the following schedule:

Exploration expenditures with respect to the property of up to $8.0 million as follows:
i) $500,000 on or before July 8, 2012;
(ii)

a further $1,000,000 on or before July 8, 2013;

(iii)

a further $1,500,000 on or before July 8, 2014;

(iv)

a further $2,000,000 on or before July 8, 2015;

(v)

a further $3,000,000 on or before July 8, 2016; and

Share payments of up to 1.0 million shares as follows:

(i) 200,000 common shares of Pacific Rim within five business days of receipt of approval of the Definitive Agreement by the applicable stock exchanges (PAID); and 
(ii) 200,000 common shares of Pacific Rim on or before each of the second, third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the effective date of July 8, 2011.

Pacific Rim, through PREx, is the operator of the Hog Ranch Property. Upon PREx earning the Interest, PREx and WGI agree to participate in a joint venture for the further exploration and development of Hog Ranch.

Hog Ranch consists of 465 unpatented claims and 239 hectares of fee lands. Approximately 200,000 ounces of gold were produced at the property from a small heap leach mine operated by Western Goldfields and subsequently Western Mining in the late 1980’s and early1990’s. These low-grade ores were extracted from the uppermost parts of a low-sulfidation epithermal system. Western Mining reclaimed the mine site to regulatory approved conditions, including partially backfilling the pits. Several companies have explored for low-grade gold mineralization and conducted some exploration in the deeper parts of the Hog Ranch epithermal system, where higher grade feeder veins are likely to reside. Pacific Rim’s primary focus is high-grade banded epithermal veins recoverable in an underground operation. PREx will take its usual approach of detailed geology with special attention to the structural geology to identify these deeper drill targets.

The Company is currently evaluating past drilling and geophysical results from previous operators of the Hog Ranch project, formulating a geologic model for Hog Ranch and planning the details of its Phase 1 exploration program, which is expected to commence imminently and include detailed geological mapping with emphasis on the structural geology, soil sampling, claim staking, and drill target definition. Included in this Phase 1 program will be a 10-15-hole drill program expected to begin by early calendar 2012.


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Remance Property, Panama

During fiscal 2011, the Company, through its Panamanian subsidiary Minera Verde, signed a Letter of Intent with Compania Minera Clifton S.A. (“Minera Clifton”) (collectively with the Company and Minera Verde, the “Remance Parties”) to acquire a 100% interest in the Remance project located in Panama, Central America.

The Remance Parties have agreed to sign a formal option agreement (the “Formal Agreement”) granting Minera Verde the exclusive right and option (the "Option") to acquire 100% of Minera Clifton's right, title and interest in the Remance project as soon as practicable. Signing of the Formal Agreement has not been concluded at this time and is currently highly uncertain. Minera Clifton’s application for an extension to the Remance concession term, as provided by Panamanian law, was recently denied; a decision which is currently being appealed by Minera Clifton. The extension denial by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry is highly suspicious and diplomatic efforts are aimed at pointing out these irregularities in an attempt to overturn the decision. While the Company is keeping the Remance LOI in effect during Minera Clifton’s appeal, the outcome of this process, and hence the Company’s final acquisition of the Remance project, is highly uncertain. If signed, the Formal Agreement will be subject to all required regulatory approvals, including the approval of the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”). The option to acquire Remance may be exercised by the Company by completing the following terms:

     1. paying to Minera Clifton the sum of $200,000 (the "Cash Payment"), payable as follows:

On the date of execution of the Formal Agreement by the Parties: $ 50,000  
On the date which is 3 months after the date of execution of the Formal Agreement: $ 50,000  
On the date which is 6 months after the date of execution of the Formal Agreement: $ 50,000  
On the date which is 10 months after the date of execution of the Formal Agreement: $ 50,000  

     2. on the date of execution of the Formal Agreement, issuing to Minera Clifton a total of 5 million common shares of Pacific Rim (the "Acquisition Shares");

     3. within the Option Period (as defined below), conducting a drilling program on the Concession of at least 10,000 metres, and initiating environmental and metallurgical studies on the Remance project (collectively, the "Drilling Program"). The Option Period is the period which begins on the date on which Pacific Rim has received all required permissions and approvals of the Panamanian government to begin the Drilling Program, and which ends on the date which is 12 months thereafter; and

     4. on or before the date which is 10 days after the last day of the Option Period, giving written notice to Minera Clifton that it intends to exercise the Option, in consideration of which Pacific Rim will pay to Minera Clifton, as soon as practicable thereafter, the sum of $5,000,000, payable, at the election of Minera Clifton, in cash or common shares of Pacific Rim (the "Additional Shares").

As noted above, the Remance project acquisition has not currently been completed and is highly uncertain at this time. The Company believes that Minera Clifton’s application for extension of the Remance concession term, normally a routine process permitted under Panamanian mining law, was sidelined by bureaucratic irregularities and issues within the ministry responsible for mining. If the Remance extension is ultimately granted to Minera Clifton, the Company intends to proceed with its acquisition of the Remance Project by signing the Formal Agreement.

The Company’s current knowledge of the Remance project suggests a thorough and systematic drill program is warranted to test the depth extent of the known near-surface gold mineralization (the Company would be obliged, as per the terms of the Remance, to conduct a 10,000 meter drill program on Remance in the first year of the Option Period as described above). A first phase exploration program, including environmental and metallurgical studies as well as drilling, is expected to cost approximately $1 million. The Company would require additional financing to complete its Remance exploration obligations.

Generative Program

Pacific Rim’s project generation initiatives focus on acquiring projects the Company believes have good exploration potential without incurring onerous costs. The Company focuses solely on low-sulfidation epithermal gold systems, which are environmentally clean, high grade, and have potentially low cost production, and continuously evaluates and seeks to acquire new project opportunities that fit its exploration criteria and meet its high standards.

In July 2008 the Company shifted the focus of its grassroots exploration initiatives out of El Salvador to other jurisdictions that have similarly prospective mineral potential but a more robust appreciation of the economic benefits of the mining industry. Using its unique understanding of epithermal gold systems in the Central American Gold Belt, particularly within El Salvador, Pacific Rim has been very successful in locating new, high grade gold-bearing systems in the past and is ideally equipped to apply this formula for discovery to neighbouring jurisdictions and elsewhere along the Pacific Rim. The Company’s identification of the Remance project opportunity and its recent acquisition of the Hog Ranch joint venture option are a direct result of these efforts. While the Company continues to seek additional high quality projects that fit its exploration focus, there are no guarantees that any project evaluation or due diligence work currently underway will result in a positive outcome or that the Company will be successful in acquiring any of the projects it is currently evaluating.


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Environmental Matters

Reclamation – US Interests

The Company’s US operations are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. The Company’s US interests consist of the Hog Ranch property (an early-stage exploration property) and its prior ownership of the Denton-Rawhide operation.

As a result of our due diligence investigation prior to acquisition of the Hog Ranch property, the Company does not believe it has or will inherit any significant reclamation liability on the property stemming from prior operations. Gold mining operations were conducted on the Hog Ranch property in the 1990’s. However, previous operators reclaimed all prior workings to regulatory-approved conditions including partially backfilling the open pits. The terms of the Hog Ranch Definitive Agreement preclude any environmental liability for Pacific Rim stemming from these prior operations. Environmental risks associated with exploration programs the Company intends to undertake at Hog Ranch relate primarily to the construction of drill roads and sites, drilling, and the handling and storage of fuel.

The Company’s exploration programs are designed according to industry best practices to have minimal to no impact on flora, fauna and surface or underground water sources. Temporary disturbances (temporary access roads, drill pads, mud pits, trenches) are reclaimed. Using the same methods required for structural studies at dam sites and large construction sites, drill holes are reclaimed to regulatory guidelines. The temporary access trails, drill pads and mud sumps are reclaimed by filling in ruts, holes and pits, re-contouring any banks or steep cuts, building water diversion ditches to control runoff and planting fast growing, native grasses to stabilize the ground. Trenches are refilled and replanted in a like manner, and fence barriers are occasionally built to control livestock movement around reclaimed areas. Permanent or long term disturbances such as roads, buildings, wells, walls, fences, gates, etc. are constructed with erosion controls and stability measures including, as necessary, waterbars, rock retaining walls, water diversion ditches, drain pipes and/or stabilizing vegetation, and are constructed to regulatory guidelines. All areas of reclamation and construction are subject to regulatory approval and monitored on an annual basis and remediation is done if required

Contractors to the Company are required to use certified, non-polluting, non-toxic additives in drilling programs and comply with OSHA work and safety standards and procedures. These issues are routinely monitored by Company employees.

During fiscal 2009 the Company sold its 49% interest in the Denton-Rawhide operation to it's joint venture partner, Kennecott-Rawhide Mining Company ("Kennecott"). Subsequently, in late calendar 2010, Kennecott sold its 100% interest in the Denton-Rawhide Joint Venture to a third party. According to the terms of Kennecott's 2010 sale, reclamation obligations at the Denton-Rawhide operation were separated such that Kennecott remains responsible for reclamation expenditures due to any disturbances created prior to the sale, and the purchaser becomes responsible for undertaking reclamation related to any disturbances created after the sale. As part of the sale of its interest in Denton-Rawhide to Kennecott, the Company had provided a guarantee on 49% of any reclamation and closure costs in the event that these expenditures (limited to those related to disturbances made up to the point the Company sold it's interest in the operation) were to exceed $7.0 million. In other words, the Company's obligations are limited to pre-sale property conditions.

A reclamation and closure plan for Denton-Rawhide, covering the period ending with the Company’s sale of its 49% interest in the operation to Kennecott, has been submitted to the Bureau of Land Management and the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection and is currently awaiting approval. Kennecott has estimated a total of $4.9 million in reclamation and closure costs under the proposed plan. Kennecott, on behalf of the Rawhide Joint Venture, has posted surety bonds as required for compliance with state and local closure, reclamation and environmental obligations. Estimated future reclamation and property closure costs for Denton-Rawhide are based on current legal and regulatory requirements. Actual costs incurred for reclamation activities in future periods could differ from the amounts estimated. Additionally, future changes to environmental laws and regulations could affect the extent of reclamation and remediation work required to be performed by the Company. Any such changes in future costs could materially impact the amounts charged to operations for reclamation and remediation.

The Hog Ranch property is open to mineral development managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the State of Nevada. Our exploration activities will comply with environmental regulations and guidelines set forth by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the State of Nevada.

The Bureau of Mining Regulation and Reclamation (BMRR), in cooperation with other state, federal and local agencies regulates mining activities in Nevada under regulations adopted in 1989. The Nevada Administrative Code (NAC) 445A.350-NAC 445A.447 and (NAC) 519A.010 - NAC 519A.415 were developed to implement the requirements of the Nevada Revised Statutes (NRS) 445A.300-NRS 445A.730 and (NRS) 519A.010 - NRS 519A.290. BMRR is composed of three distinct technical branches: regulation, closure and reclamation. It is the mission of BMRR to ensure that Nevada's waters are not degraded by mining operations and that the lands disturbed by mining operations are reclaimed to safe and stable conditions to ensure a productive post-mining land use. These laws and regulations are the primary pieces of legislation governing the Company’s reclamation obligations.


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The Regulation Branch of the BMRR has responsibility for protecting waters of the State under the water pollution control regulations. The branch consists of the permitting and inspection sections. The permitting section issues Water Pollution Control Permits to ensure that the qualities of Nevada’s water resources are not impacted by mining activity. The inspection section conducts regular inspections during the life of a mining facility to confirm that operations are in compliance with permit requirements. The Closure Branch of the BMRR also has the responsibility of protecting waters of the state under the water pollution control regulations. This branch works with facilities at the cessation of operations to ensure that all components are left chemically stable for the long term. The Closure Branch issues water pollution control permits and conducts inspections to ensure that the mine site, in the closure and post-closure period, will not degrade waters of the State.

The Reclamation Branch of the BMRR regulates exploration and mining operations in Nevada on both private and public lands. The Branch issues permits to exploration and mining operations to reclaim the disturbance created to a safe and stable condition to ensure a productive post-mining land use. An operator must obtain a reclamation permit prior to construction of any exploration, mining or milling activity that proposes to create disturbance over 5 acres or remove in excess of 36,500 tons of material from the earth. In addition to obtaining a reclamation permit, an operator must file a surety bond with the Division or federal land manager to ensure that reclamation will be completed, should an operator default on the project.

In summary, BMRR works with industry and the public to ensure that mining operations in the state, from initial design through reclamation, do not negatively impact the environment and that the land will be returned to a productive post-mining use.

International Properties

The Company’s international exploration properties, currently located in El Salvador, are governed by existing local environmental laws, though the Company elects in certain circumstances to exceed its obligations under local environmental law and comply with internationally accepted environmental standards.

The Company’s exploration programs are designed according to industry best practices to have minimal to no impact on flora, fauna and surface or underground water sources. Temporary disturbances (temporary access roads, drill pads, mud pits, hand dug trenches, impacts on existing infrastructure) are reclaimed and repaired. Using the same methods required for structural studies at dam site and large construction sites, drill holes are capped with either a 50 meter grout cap or are completely filled with grout, depending on the geologic environment. The temporary access trails, drill pads and mud sumps are reclaimed by filling in ruts, holes and pits, re-contouring any banks or steep cuts, building water diversion ditches to control runoff and planting fast growing, native grasses to stabilize the ground. Trenches are refilled and replanted in a like manner, and fence barriers are occasionally built to control livestock movement around reclaimed areas. Permanent or long term disturbances such as roads, buildings, wells, walls and fences, gates, etc. are constructed with erosion controls and stability measures including, as necessary, "badenes", rock retaining walls, water diversion ditches, drain pipes and/or stabilizing vegetation, and are constructed to standards exceeding local regulation. Often, local tree varieties are harvested then replanted in the disturbed areas when it does not conflict with normal local usage. All areas of reclamation and construction are monitored on an annual basis. If additional repair is required because of the initial construction, it is repaired until the area gains stability. The Company’s professional environmental staff has volunteered and assisted the local authorities in evaluating other arms-length environmental, geologic, hydrologic, disaster sites around the immediate communities by conducting land slide analysis, ground water studies, surface water studies, land fill site studies, helping to evaluate other industrial waste sites, fire prevention, disease control, disaster relief preparedness and first aid.

Contractors to the Company are required to use certified, non-polluting, non-toxic additives in drilling programs and comply with international work and safety standards and procedures. These issues are routinely monitored by Company employees under the direction of the local environmental and safety managers. Environmental compliance and risk are regularly assessed by third party contractors specializing in mining and exploration risk management. In addition, the Company has established showcase programs for environmental protection, waste management and reforestation in order to educate workers and local populace on common best practice measures for a healthier, cleaner and safer living and working environment.

Ongoing reclamation activities associated with the Company’s exploration stage properties are expensed as exploration in the period incurred.


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Proposed Transactions

Pacific Rim is continually reviewing potential project acquisitions and other opportunities that could enhance shareholder value.

Other than the Hog Ranch joint venture option, which involves future payments of shares and the potential Remance project acquisition, which if completed, will involve payments of cash and shares, there are currently no transactions in process that would affect the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates include the carrying value of mineral properties and property, plant and equipment, and stock based compensation. Factors that could affect these estimates include risks inherent in mineral exploration and development, changes in reclamation requirements, and changes in government policy.

The carrying value of the El Dorado property reflects its acquisition cost, which was based on an estimate of the property’s mineral resource at the time of the acquisition. This resource estimate was filed as a NI 43-101 compliant technical report in February 2002. It has been superseded by subsequent resource estimates, the most recent of which was completed in January 2008.

The Company’s activities in El Salvador are subject to the effects of changes in legal, tax and regulatory regimes, national and local political issues, labour and economic developments and government bureaucracy. PRES has experienced lengthy delays in the GOES’s processing of the El Dorado exploitation concession application with no resolution to date, which, along with other factors beyond the control of PRES, could adversely impact operations in El Salvador or result in the impairment of the El Dorado property in the future; such impairment could be material. PRES has commenced a legal claim under CAFTA and the Investment Law of El Salvador. If PRES is unsuccessful in obtaining a permit for El Dorado or in its CAFTA/ILES claim, or other factors beyond the control of the Company, such factors could adversely impact operations in El Salvador or result in the impairment of the El Dorado property in the future; such impairment could be material. As at April 30, 2011, management of the Company determined that impairment indicators existed on its El Dorado project and completed an impairment assessment on this project. The current economic environment, the decline in the Company’s stock price and the difficulty in obtaining a permit were considered as impairment indicators. As part of their impairment evaluation, management considered a number of factors, including the Company’s share price at April 30, 2011 and current gold prices along with the Company’s 2005 pre-feasibility study. Based on this impairment evaluation no impairment of the El Dorado project was identified as of April 30, 2011. To date, the Company’s discussions with its legal counsel representing the Company in the CAFTA/ILES arbitration have not resulted in a determination of any material impairment in the carrying value of the Company concessions.

The Company re-evaluates the carrying values of property, plant and equipment when events or changes in circumstance indicate that carrying values may not be recoverable. If it is determined that the estimated net recoverable amount based on non-discounted cash flows is less than the carrying value, a write-down to the estimated fair value is made by a charge to earnings.

The Company makes significant assumptions and estimates in determining the fair market value of stock-based compensation granted to employees and non-employees and the value attributed to various warrants and broker warrants issued on financings, which have an effect on the stock-based compensation expense recognized and the contributed surplus and share capital balances on the Company’s balance sheet. Using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, management has made estimates of the life of stock options and warrants, the expected volatility and the expected dividend yields that could materially affect the fair market value of these securities. The estimates were chosen after reviewing the historical life of the Company’s options and analyzing share price history to determine volatility.

As part of the sale of its interest in Denton-Rawhide (readers are referred to the Company’s 2009 Annual Report), the Company has provided a guarantee on 49% of any reclamation and closure costs in the event that reclamation and closure costs were to exceed $7.0 million. Kennecott has estimated a total of $4.9 million for these expenditures under the proposed plan.


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Changes in Accounting Policies

In January 2009, the CICA issued Handbook Section 1582, Business Combinations, which establishes new standards for accounting for business combinations. This is effective for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after January 1, 2011. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has elected to early adopt this standard effective May 1, 2010. The adoption of this standard did not have any impact on the Company’s financial position, earnings or cash flows.

In January 2009, the CICA issued Handbook Section 1602, Non-controlling Interests, to provide guidance on accounting for non-controlling interests in a subsidiary in consolidated financial statements subsequent to a business combination. The section is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 2011. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has elected to early adopt this standard effective May 1, 2010. The adoption of this standard did not have any impact on the Company’s financial position, earnings or cash flows.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

The Canadian Accounting Standards Board (AcSB) has announced its decision to replace Canadian GAAP with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) for all Canadian Publicly Accountable Enterprises (“PAEs”). The effective changeover date is May 1, 2011, at which time Canadian GAAP will cease to apply for Pacific Rim and will be replaced by IFRS. Following this timeline, the Company will issue its first set of interim financial statements prepared under IFRS in the first quarter of 2012 ending July 31, 2011 including comparative IFRS financial results and an opening balance sheet as at May 1, 2010. The first annual IFRS consolidated financial statements will be prepared for the year ended April 30, 2012 with restated comparatives for the year ended April 30, 2011.

Management has developed a project plan for the conversion to IFRS which is comprised of three phases: the scoping phase, the planning phase and the transition phase.

Management has completed the scoping phase in which a component evaluation was prepared of its existing financial statement line items, comparing Canadian GAAP to the corresponding IFRS guidelines. The Company’s key personnel have completed training to gain a full understanding of the IFRS impact with regard to the Company’s accounting and reporting procedures. A number of differences were identified but most are not expected to have a material impact on the reported results and financial position. Set out below are the most significant areas, identified to date by management, where changes in accounting policies may have the highest potential impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Most adjustments required on transition to IFRS will be made, retrospectively, against opening retained earnings as of the date of the first comparative balance sheet presented based on standards applicable at that time.

IFRS 1

IFRS 1, “First-Time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards”, provides entities adopting IFRS for the first time with a number of optional exemptions and mandatory exceptions, in certain areas, to the general requirement for full retrospective application of IFRS.

Mandatory exceptions:

  1.

Estimates - An entity’s estimates under IFRS at the date of transition to IFRS must be consistent with estimates made for the same date in accordance with GAAP, unless there is objective evidence that those estimates were in error;

Optional Exemptions Elected:

  1.

IFRS 2 Share-Based Payments – The Company will elect this exemption from retroactive restatement of equity instruments granted before November 2, 2002 and those which were granted after November 2, 2002 but which vested prior to May 1, 2010 which have been accounted for in accordance with Canadian GAAP.

     
  2.

Business Combinations - IFRS 1 indicates that a first-time adopter may elect not to apply IFRS 3 Business Combinations retrospectively to business combinations that occurred before the date of transition to IFRS. The Company will apply this election and IFRS 3 will be applied only to business combinations that occur on or after May 1, 2010.

     
  3.

Cumulative translation differences - IFRS 1 allows a first-time adopter to not comply with the requirements of IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates for cumulative translation differences that existed at the date of transition to IFRS. The Company will choose to apply this election and will eliminate any cumulative translation difference and adjust retained earnings by the same amount at the date of transition to IFRS. If, subsequent to adoption, a foreign operation is disposed of, the translation differences that arose before the date of transition to IFRS will not affect the gain or loss on disposal.



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Share Based Payments

IFRS and Canadian GAAP largely converge on the accounting treatment for share – based transactions with only a few differences.

Canadian GAAP allows either accelerated or straight line method of amortization for the fair value of stock options under graded vesting. Currently, the Company is using the accelerated amortization method and therefore the adoption of IFRS 2 is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Under IFRS, the estimate for forfeitures must be made when determining the number of equity instruments expected to vest, while under Canadian GAAP forfeitures can be recognized as they occur. The Company has begun using the estimate of forfeitures starting May 1, 2010 when determining the number of equity instruments expected to vest.

Upon adoption of IFRS 2, the Company will be fully compliant with the new standard and the adoption is not expected to have an impact on the financial statements.

Impairment

Canadian GAAP generally uses a two-step approach to impairment testing: first comparing asset carrying values with undiscounted future cash flows to determine whether impairment exists; and then measuring any impairment by comparing asset carrying values with discounted cash flows. International Accounting Standard (IAS) 36, “Impairment of Assets” uses a one-step approach for both testing and measurement of impairment, with asset carrying values compared directly with the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use (which uses discounted future cash flows). This may potentially result in write downs where the carrying value of assets were previously supported under Canadian GAAP on an undiscounted cash flow basis, but could not be supported on a discounted cash flow basis.

Based on the Company’s assessment of its resource property costs, there will be no impairment charge on transition to IFRS.

Exploration and Evaluation Assets

Exploration and Evaluation (“E&E”) assets are defined to be the expenses incurred subsequent to obtaining the right to explore the property.

Upon adoption of IFRS, management has decided to continue with its current accounting policy, which is to capitalize the acquisition costs of the mineral properties and expense all exploration costs.

The Company is currently in compliance with the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) Framework which requires exploration expenditures to be expensed and capitalization of expenditures only after the completion of a feasibility study.

Upon adoption of IFRS 6, “Exploration and Evaluation of Mineral Properties”, the Company will be fully compliant with the new standard. The adoption is expected to have an impact on the financial statements as the mineral property acquisition costs for El Salvador will now be included in a separate line on the Statement of Financial Position rather than as part of Property, Plant & Equipment.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Under IFRS, Property, Plant and Equipment (“PP&E”) can be measured at fair value or at cost while under Canadian GAAP, the Company has to carry PP&E on a cost basis and the revaluation is prohibited.

Upon adoption of IFRS, management has determined that the Company will elect a cost model. Currently, the Company has only a small amount of equipment and vehicles capitalized as property, plant and equipment and it has been valued in compliance with IFRS. Therefore, there will be no impact on the Company’s financial statements on the adoption of IFRS except for the reallocation of the mineral property costs to a separate line.

In accordance with IAS 16 “Property, Plant and Equipment”, upon acquisition of significant assets, the Company will need to allocate an amount initially recognized in respect of an asset to its component parts and accounts for each component separately when the components have different useful lives or the components provide benefits to the entity in a different pattern.


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Foreign Currency

IFRS requires that the functional currency of each entity in the consolidated group be determined separately in accordance with IAS 21 and the entity’s financial results and position should be measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“the functional currency”). Based on the cash outflows or expenses the functional currency is most likely Canadian dollars for Pacific Rim and United States dollars for the El Salvador companies and the United States companies.

If it is determined that the Canadian entity has a Canadian dollar functional currency, the Canadian entity will need to be translated into the United States dollar reporting currency using the current rate method which will result in a cumulative translation adjustment in the Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in the Equity section of the Statement of Financial Position.

As events and conditions relevant to the Company change, it will re-consider the primary and secondary indicators, as described in IAS 21, in determining the functional currency for each entity. Going forward under IFRS, management will assess the appropriate functional currency based on existing circumstances which may have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements prepared under IFRS.

The presentation currency of the Company’s financial statements will continue to be the United States dollar.

Future Income Taxes

Like Canadian GAAP, deferred income taxes under IFRS are determined using the liability method for temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes, and by generally applying tax rates applicable to the Company to such temporary differences. Deferred income taxes relating to temporary differences that are in equity are recognized in equity and under IFRS subsequent adjustments thereto are backward traced to equity.

IFRS prohibits recognition where deferred income taxes arise from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither accounting nor taxable net earnings.

When the Company adopts IAS 12, “Income Taxes”, the future income tax liability will have a zero balance with the adjustment flowing through the opening retained earnings.

As the Company elects and approves the IFRS accounting policy for each of the areas above, management will determine and disclose impact of the IFRS adoption at the transition date on our financial statements. The International Accounting Standards Board will also continue to issue new accounting standards during the conversion period and, as a result, the final impact of IFRS on the Company’s consolidated financial statements will only be measured once all the IFRS applicable accounting standards at the conversion date are known.

Based on management assessment of the information system currently used by the Company, all information required to be reported under IFRS will be available with minimal system changes.

One of the more significant impacts identified to date of adopting IFRS is the expanded presentation and disclosures required. Disclosure requirements under IFRS generally contain more breadth and depth than those required under Canadian GAAP and, therefore, will result in more extensive note references. The Company is continuing to assess the level of presentation and disclosures required to its consolidated financial statements.

A.

Operating Results

For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, Pacific Rim recorded a loss for the period after discontinued operations of $(4.0) million or $(0.03) per share, compared to a loss of $(5.0) million or $(0.04) per share for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2010 and $(6.3) million or $(0.08) per share for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009. The decrease in net loss for fiscal 2011 compared to fiscal 2010 is primarily related to decreased exploration expenditures, general and administrative expenses, and costs related to the CAFTA/ILES action, offset in part by a gain on the sale of bullion during fiscal 2010 for which there is no comparable item during fiscal 2011. The decrease in net loss for fiscal 2010 compared to fiscal 2009 is primarily related to significantly decreased exploration expenses, offset in part by significantly lower net income from the Denton-Rawhide joint venture as a result of the sale by the Company of its interest in the joint venture during fiscal 2009.

Expenses

Due to the cessation of the El Dorado drilling program in July 2008 (early fiscal 2009) and the reduction of other exploration expenses at all of the Company’s projects, exploration expenditures decreased significantly over the past three fiscal periods, from $5.5 million in fiscal 2009 and $1.8 million in fiscal 2010 to $1.3 million in fiscal 2011.


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General and administrative expenses were reduced significantly in fiscal 2010 due to reductions in staffing as well as the generally lower level of business activity undertaken by the Company. This lower level of business activity continued during fiscal 2011. General and administrative costs were $1.2 million in fiscal 2011 compared to $1.4 million in fiscal 2010 and $3.7 million in fiscal 2009.

CAFTA/ILES-related expenses totalled $1.6 million during fiscal 2011 compared to $2.2 million during fiscal 2010 and $nil for fiscal 2009. The increase in CAFTA/ILES-related expenses between fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2010 reflects the commencement of the arbitration process and the build up to activity in advance of the Preliminary Objection phase of the arbitration. Between mid-fiscal 2010 and early fiscal 2011, arbitration-related activity decreased following the Preliminary Objection decision, and then increased again in 2011 in preparation for the hearings related to the Jurisdiction Objection which took place subsequent to the end of fiscal 2011.

During fiscal 2010 the Company realized a $0.6 million gain on the sale of bullion, and a $0.2 million financing expense associated with the extension of warrants issued during the 2008 financing, for which there were no comparable items during either of fiscal 2011 or 2009.

The Company booked a small foreign exchange gain of $0.1 million during fiscal 2011 compared to foreign exchanges losses of $0.02 million during fiscal 2010 and $0.2 million during fiscal 2009, primarily reflecting the impact of the US-Canadian dollar exchange rate on the Company’s Canadian dollar-denominated investments on hand.

Unusual Items

The Company received income of $0.04 million and $3.2 million from the Denton-Rawhide operation during fiscal 2010 and fiscal 2009 respectively. The Company’s interest in Denton-Rawhide was sold during fiscal 2009 though income was received into early fiscal 2010. There was no income from the Denton-Rawhide operation during fiscal 2011.

Summary

As a result of decreased exploration expenditures, general and administrative costs and CAFTA/ILES arbitration-related expenses, the Company’s loss for fiscal 2011 was reduced to $(4.0) million or $(0.03) per share from previous fiscal periods ($(5.0) million or $(0.04) per share for fiscal 2010 and $(6.3) million or $(0.08) per share for fiscal 2009).

Summary of Quarterly Results

Summary of Quarterly Results (unaudited)(all amounts in thousands of US dollars, except per share amounts)

  Q4 2011 Q3 2011 Q2 2011 Q1 2011 Q4 2010 Q3 2010 Q2 2010 Q1 2010
Revenue from Continuing Operations $nil $nil $nil $nil $nil $nil $nil $nil
Loss before discontinued operations $(833) $(1,260) $(676) $(1,233) $(1,726) $(1,043) $(1,355) $(881)
Loss per share before discontinued
operations – basic and diluted

$(0.01)

$(0.01)

$(0.00)

$(0.01)

$(0.01)

$(0.01)

$(0.01)

$(0.01)
Discontinued Operations – Income from
Denton Rawhide Joint Venture
$nil
$nil
$nil
$nil
$nil
$nil
$38
$nil
Net loss for the period $(833) $(1,260) $(676) $(1,233) $(1,726) $(1,043) $(1,317) $(881)
Net loss per share - basic and diluted $(0.01) $(0.01) $(0.00) $(0.01) $(0.01) $(0.01) $(0.01) $(0.01)

The Company typically incurs a net quarterly loss. Exploration expenses have generally decreased over the past eight quarters, since the Company elected to significantly reduce exploration in El Salvador in July 2008. Likewise, the Company made significant cuts to staffing levels during Q2 2009 and Q3 2009, which led to lower general and administrative costs. However, in the past six quarters, with the commencement of the CAFTA/ILES action in early fiscal 2010, legal expenses have increased, largely offsetting the reduced exploration and general and administrative costs. Income from discontinued operations (the Denton-Rawhide joint venture) varied substantially quarter to quarter in prior periods. During Q2 2010 the Company booked negligible income from discontinued operations and for the past six quarters has received no income, which will continue to be the case for the foreseeable future. Net loss for each of the past 8 quarterly periods shows no discernable trend or seasonality, and is largely a function of exploration, general and administrative and CAFTA/ILES action expenses realized during each quarter.

Fourth Quarter Fiscal 2011

The Company’s loss for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011 was lower than any of the quarters during fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010 (with the exception of Q2 2011 and Q1 2010), primarily reflecting ongoing decreases in exploration expenditures and general and administrative costs, offset by arbitration-related expenses which vary quarter to quarter depending on the level of activity related to the arbitration. During Q4 2011, legal expenses were incurred in preparation for the Jurisdiction Objection hearing held from May 2-4, 2011 and increased exploration expenditures related to project generation initiatives. As the Company’s participation in the Denton-Rawhide Joint Venture is completed, the Company received no income from discontinued operations to offset these expenses during any quarter of fiscal 2011.


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The Company’s fiscal 2011 fourth quarter results presented above are based on interim consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles (“Canadian GAAP”). The Company’s reporting currency is the United States (“U.S.”) dollar and all monetary amounts are stated in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted.

Impact on Operations as a Result of Governmental Factors

The Company’s operations are primarily focused on the exploration for gold and silver and its sole material project, the El Dorado property, is located in El Salvador. The Company has experienced significant delays in the receipt of environmental and mining permits necessary to advance the El Dorado project further. See Item 4D – “Property, Plant and Equipment”, and specifically “El Salvador Mining Regime” and “El Dorado Property – Arbitration Claim under CAFTA and the ILES” for information related to El Salvador’s mining law, the Company’s actions to date to comply with this law and a legal action that the Company’s US subsidiary Pac Rim Cayman LLC has commenced under CAFTA and the Investment Law of El Salvador. The receipt of necessary permits, or lack thereof, could have a material impact on the Company’s operations.

B.

Liquidity and capital resources

Liquidity

During fiscal 2011 the Company’s cash and cash equivalents decreased by $1.0 million from $1.3 million at April 30, 2010 to $0.3 million at April 30, 2011. Short-term investments increased year over year from $nil at April 30, 2010 to $0.8 million at April 30, 2011. As a result of the decreased cash and the increase in short-term investments, current assets decreased by $0.2 million year over year from $1.4 million at April 30, 2010 to $1.2 million at April 30, 2011. This decrease reflects cash spent on exploration expenses and project generation efforts, general and administrative costs associated with maintaining a public company, and expenditures related to advancing the CAFTA/ILES action, offset by the proceeds of a private placement equity financing undertaken by the Company during fiscal 2011.

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern, which assumes that the Company will be able to meet its commitments, continue operations, realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future, there are events and conditions that cast substantial doubt on the validity of that assumption. The Company will require additional financing in the future to continue to conduct ongoing exploration programs and to meet future property commitments, for administrative purposes and for legal expenses related to the CAFTA/ILES arbitration action. The legal costs for this legal action are substantial and are anticipated to increase should the case proceed to the merits phase. The Company believes it will be able to obtain the necessary financing to meet the Company’s requirements on an ongoing basis; however, there can be no assurance that the necessary financing will be obtained.

The Company’s ability to continue operations and exploration activities as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional funding. The Company will need to undertake future financings sufficient to fund ongoing exploration and administration expenses as well as anticipated costs for the CAFTA/ILES arbitration. While the Company has been successful in obtaining its required funding in the past, there is no assurance that sufficient funds will be available to the Company in the future or will be available on favourable terms. Factors that could affect the availability of financing include the outcome of any rulings pertaining to PacRim’s CAFTA/ILES action, any significant progress on the El Dorado project permitting application that may develop, progress on any of the Company’s exploration properties, the state of international debt and equity markets, investor perceptions and expectations and the global financial and metals markets. As it has in the past, the Company plans to obtain additional financing through, but not limited to, the issuance of additional equity.

Cash Flow Used For Operating Activities

The Company’s loss before discontinued operations was $(4.0) million in fiscal 2011 compared to $(5.0) million in fiscal 2010 and $(9.4) million in fiscal 2009. These losses were offset by a number of non-cash items including, notably: stock-based compensation of $0.3 million in fiscal 2011 compared to $0.4 million in fiscal 2010 and $0.6 million in fiscal 2009; shares issued for property option payments of $nil during each of fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010 compared to $0.3 million during fiscal 2009; $0.2 million in non-cash financing costs during fiscal 2010 (related to the extension of the expiry date of warrants issued in fiscal 2008) for which there is no comparable item in either fiscal 2011 or fiscal 2009; a change in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $0.1 million for fiscal 2011 compared to $0.9 million for fiscal 2010 and $(0.7) million during fiscal 2009; and a $1.2 million change in bullion during fiscal 2010 for which there is no comparable item during fiscal 2011 or fiscal 2009. As a result, cash flow used for operating activities was $(3.6) million in fiscal 2011 compared to $(2.2) million in fiscal 2010 and $(9.2) million in fiscal 2009.


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Cash Flow Provided by (Used For) Investing Activities

During fiscal 2011 the Company made net purchases of short term investments of $(0.8) million compared to no short term investment purchases or redemptions during fiscal 2010 and net redemptions of short term investments of $4.2 million during fiscal 2009. Negligible purchases of property plant and equipment were made in each of fiscal 2011, fiscal 2010 and fiscal 2009. Proceeds from the sale of discontinued operations (related to the sale of the Denton-Rawhide asset) were $nil during fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010 compared to $1.8 million for fiscal 2009. As a result, cash flow provided by (used for) investing activities was $(0.8) million during fiscal 2011 compared to a negligible amount during fiscal 2010 and $6.0 million during fiscal 2009.

Cash Flow Provided by Financing Activities

The Company realized $3.3 million in cash flow from financing activities during fiscal 2011, compared to $2.2 million during fiscal 2010 and $nil during fiscal 2009. The fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010 financing cash flow amounts are related to the issuance of common shares of the Company under two private placement equity financings that closed in October 2010 and January 2010 respectively (details below) as well as the exercise of employee stock options (16,666 shares at an average price of Cdn $0.17 per share during fiscal 2010.

During fiscal 2011, the Company announced and closed a private placement financing through which a total of CDN $3,332,000 was raised through the issuance of 19,600,000 units (“Units”). Each Unit issued in this financing consists of one common share in the Company and one half of one non-transferable share purchase warrant (“Warrant”) that entitles the holder to acquire one additional common share of the Company at a price of CDN $0.30 for a period of 24 months following the closing of the financing, which occurred on October 8, 2010. Pacific Rim reserves the right to accelerate the exercise period of the Warrants should its common stock trade above CDN $0.50 for 20 consecutive trading days. The Units were subject to a four-month trading restriction that began on the day of issuance and expired on February 9, 2011. The Company also issued 660,000 Units (the “Finder’s Units) to certain finders (the “Finders”) in connection with the private placement, in payment of a finder’s fee of 6% of the proceeds raised from subscribers introduced by the Finders, and issued 660,000 warrants to Finders (the “Finder’s Warrants”) representing 6% of the total number of Units sold to purchasers introduced by the Finders.

Details of the fiscal 2010 private placement financing are provided in the Company’s 2010 Annual Report filed under form 20F, or the Company’s 2010 MD&A available on SEDAR.

Capital Resources and Financial Condition

Working Capital

At April 30, 2011, the book value of the Company’s current assets was $1.2 million, compared to $1.4 million at April 30, 2010, a reduction of $0.2 million. The decrease in current assets is primarily a result of expenditures of cash, offset by the addition of cash from the sale of securities under a private placement financing. Property, plant and equipment balances at April 30, 2011 were negligibly lower than the April 30, 2010 balance ($5.46 million $5.49 million respectively).

At April 30, 2011 the Company had current liabilities of $1.64 million marginally higher than the April 30, 2010 balance of $1.58 million due to a slight increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Of the accounts payable and accrued liability balances, $1.4 million at April 30, 2011 and $1.1 million at April 30, 2010 is due to one vendor associated with PacRim’s arbitration action.

The $0.2 million decrease in current assets combined with the marginal increase in current liabilities, resulted in a $0.2 million reduction in working capital from $(0.2) million at the end of fiscal 2010 to $(0.4) at the end of fiscal 2011.

Subsequent Change to Working Capital

On May 3, 2011, immediately subsequent to Pacific Rim’s fiscal 2011 year end, the Company closed a private placement financing through which a total of CDN $3,696,000 was raised through the issuance of 17,600,000 units (“Units”). Each Unit issued in this financing consists of one common share in the Company and one half of one non-transferable share purchase warrant (“Warrant”) that entitles the holder to acquire one additional common share of the Company at a price of CDN $0.30 for a period of 24 months following the closing of the financing. Pacific Rim reserves the right to accelerate the exercise period of the Warrants should its common stock trade above CDN $0.50 for 20 consecutive trading days. The Units were subject to a four-month trading restriction that began on the day of issuance and will expire on September 3, 2011. The Company also issued 233,400 Units (the “Finder’s Units) to certain finders (the “Finders”) in connection with the private placement, in payment of a finder’s fee of 6% of the proceeds raised from subscribers introduced by the Finders, and issued 716,400 warrants to Finders (the “Finder’s Warrants”) representing 6% of the total number of Units sold to purchasers introduced by the Finders.


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Financial Condition

The Company does not intend to resume significant exploration programs in El Salvador until such time as the El Dorado environmental permit and exploitation concession are received. The Company can not judge if or when the required permits will be received and is not currently planning any exploration programs for its El Dorado, Santa Rita and Zamora-Cerro Colorado properties for fiscal 2012 beyond what is necessary to keep all of its exploration licences in good standing. Should the required permits be granted, the Company will evaluate its options for resuming full scale exploration work designed to advance its El Salvador projects.

The Company intends to commence a Phase 1 exploration program at the Hog Ranch property during fiscal 2012, including a roughly 15-hole drill program late in the fiscal year. Acquisition of the Remance project is in doubt and therefore, no exploration plans are being contemplated at this time. However, if a final acquisition agreement on Remance is signed, as per the terms of the Remance LOI the Company will be responsible for conducting a $1 million exploration program in the first year of the option period. The Company intends to continue its project generation initiatives with the aim of evaluating and possibly acquiring new exploration properties of merit that fit its exploration focus.

The Company anticipates that its fiscal 2012 exploration plans as outlined above will cost approximately $1.6 million, with a further $1 million required in the event the Remance property is acquired. With the cash balances currently on hand (as a result of the private placement financing that closed in May 2011), the Company believes it has the financial resources required to carry out its planned exploration programs but not the contingent exploration expenditures related to the potential Remance acquisition or additional CAFTA/ILES costs. The Company anticipates the requirement for additional financing during or subsequent to fiscal 2012 in order to fund future ongoing exploration programs.

The Company’s general and administrative costs are expected to remain stable during fiscal 2012. Expenditures related to PacRim’s arbitration claim are expected to continue at present or modestly higher levels during fiscal 2012, and are dependent on the level of arbitration activity. The Company has currently accumulated a liability of approximately $1.4 related to the CAFTA/ILES arbitration action, which is partly responsible for the Company’s current working capital deficit. The Company is currently discussing vendor-specific alternative financing opportunities that will reduce this accounts payable position.

The business of mining and exploration involves a high degree of risk and there can be no assurance that any of the Company’s current exploration projects will result in profitable mining operations. The Company has no source of revenue, and will require additional cash to continue fund legal, exploration and administration expenses. As at April 30, 2011, the Company has a working capital deficit of $0.4 million (which has since been remediated as described above), has incurred losses since inception and has an accumulated deficit of $90.1 million. The Company’s ability to continue operations and exploration activities as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain future funding. Despite the Company’s successful May 2011 private placement financing, the Company will need to raise additional funds during or subsequent to fiscal 2012 to support ongoing exploration and administration expenses as well as its costs under PacRim’s CAFTA/ILES arbitration action. While the Company has been successful in obtaining its required funding in the past, there is no assurance that sufficient funds will be available to the Company in the future, or be available on favourable terms. Factors that could affect the availability of financing include progress in obtaining the sought-after El Dorado mining permits, progress on or resolution of the CAFTA/ILES claim including the outcome of the Jurisdiction Objection, results from the Hog Ranch Phase 1 exploration program, the completion of the Remance project acquisition and/or the acquisition of other exploration projects, the state of international debt and equity markets, investor perceptions and expectations and the global financial and metals markets. Additional financing will require, but may not be limited to, the issuance of additional equity.

During fiscal 2010 the Company announced it received notice from the NYSE Amex Equities (“NYSE Amex”) that the Company was not in compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) of the NYSE Amex Company Guide. In order to maintain listing of its common shares on the NYSE Amex, the Company was required to submit a Compliance Plan (the “Plan”) to NYSE Amex addressing how it intends to regain compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) by May 11, 2011, which plan was submitted on December 11, 2009.

The Company’s Plan included several key milestones, the most critical of which was to improve shareholders’ equity through a financing based on one or more of receipt of the El Dorado permit, resolution of the CAFTA/ILES action or the acquisition and exploration of a new project. The mid-plan milestone of increasing shareholders’ equity to a minimum of $6.0 million was not met and as a result the Company did not meet the terms of its Plan. Furthermore, the Company was not able to ascertain with confidence whether it would be in a position to regain full compliance with the NYSE Company Guide by the end of the Plan period (May 2011) as the majority of the factors on which ongoing compliance would be predicated are outside of the Company’s control.

In the opinion of management, the level of financing required to regain compliance with NYSE Amex’s Company Guide would have been onerous and dilutive to existing shareholders. Rather, the Company believes its financing requirements should be based on its exploration objectives and value objectives rather than the objective of the NYSE Amex. Lastly, as the Company has greatly reduced its level of business activity at a time when listing costs and standards continue to escalate, management was of the belief that ongoing listing on NYSE Amex is not currently practicable.


 - 43 -

During fiscal 2011, the Company filed a notification with NYSE Amex to voluntarily delist its common shares from the exchange. Concurrently, the Company applied for and was successful in obtaining a listing on the OTCQX platform. On September 9, 2010, the Company’s shares were delisted from NYSE Amex and began trading on OTCQX under the symbol PFRMF. The Company’s shares remain listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange where they trade under the symbol PMU.

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Outlook

The Company is imminently commencing a Phase 1 exploration property at it’s recently acquired Hog Ranch property in Nevada, which will consist of field mapping and sampling, geophysical survey and a 10-15-hole drill program to test both the near surface and underground vein potential of this known gold district.

The Company’s acquisition of the Remance property is on hold and highly uncertain at this time, pending the vendor’s legal appeal of the Government of Panama’s recent decision to deny extension of the Remance concession term. While the Company is keeping the Remance LOI in effect during Minera Clifton’s appeal, it does not intend to sign a final agreement to acquire the Remance project unless the term of the concession is extended.

The Company will continue to curtail its exploration programs and expenditures in El Salvador until such time as PRES receives the El Dorado environmental permit and exploitation concession. The Company remains confident that it will either receive the El Dorado permit and mining concession or that it will be appropriately compensated.

The Company continues to seek new project opportunities in North and Central America.

The Company believes its principal risks are its ability to acquire new exploration projects of merit, its ability to fund the ongoing CAFTA/ILES arbitration action to a just conclusion, its ability to fund future exploration plans and ongoing general and administrative expenses and its ability to maintain its TSX listing. The Phase 1 Hog Ranch exploration program will consume the bulk of the Company’s cash resources earmarked for exploration during fiscal 2012. If the Remance project is acquired, the Company will require additional financing to undertake an exploration program, as per the terms of its Remance letter of intent, that is anticipated to cost approximately $1.0 million. Additional exploration work required to keep all of its El Salvador projects in good standing, and exploration expenses related to the Company’s generative programs, will continue through fiscal 2012 and for the foreseeable future. The Company anticipates that it will require additional financing in late fiscal 2012 or early fiscal 2013 in order to fund its ongoing exploration, administrative and legal expenses.

The Company’s general and administrative costs are expected to remain stable during fiscal 2012. Expenditures related to PacRim’s CAFTA/ILES arbitration action are expected to continue at present or modestly higher levels as during fiscal 2012, and are dependent on the level of arbitration activity. The Company is currently discussing vendor-specific alternative financing opportunities that will reduce its accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the majority of which are payable to a single vendor involved in the arbitration and/or for general working capital expenses and/or future expenses related to the CAFTA/ILES claim

The Company will continue to seek opportunities for dialogue with the GOES aimed at resolving the El Dorado permitting situation. The Company and its subsidiaries have a well-documented history of supporting local inhabitants and building relationships with all stakeholders. This is a key component of the Company’s approach to exploration and development, and will continue in all jurisdictions in which it and its subsidiaries operate.

Unless these diplomatic efforts are successful, PacRim’s CAFTA/ILES arbitration action is expected to proceed during fiscal 2012 and beyond. The Company is currently awaiting a ruling from the ICSID Tribunal Panel on the GOES’s Jurisdiction Objection, anticipated in late calendar 2011. The Company may seek traditional or alternative financing arrangements during fiscal 2012 specifically ear-marked for legal expenses.

C.

Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

None

D.

Trend Information

While the Company does not have any producing mines, it is directly affected by trends in the metal industry. The Company’s principal assets are its gold exploration properties, one of which comprises several known gold deposits. The global economic and credit crisis has affected all industries, including mining, and has resulted in additional pressure on the ability and costs of obtaining project capital financing. Global metal prices, driven by rising global demand, climbed dramatically and approached historic highs over the past several years but are volatile and subject to periodic corrections. The effect of high metal prices had a significant positive impact on the ability to raise equity capital, which has resulted in increases in global exploration projects and in turn has caused the procurement of exploration services and skilled employees to be increasingly difficult.


- 44 -

Overall market prices for securities in the mineral resources sector and factors affecting such prices, including base metal prices, political trends in the countries such companies operate, and general economic conditions, may have an effect on the terms on which financing is available to the Company, if at all.

Refer to “Risk Factors” for further information on uncertainty or items affecting the business or nature of business of the Company.

E.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has no material off-balance sheet arrangements such as guarantee contracts, contingent interest in assets transferred to an entity, derivative instrument obligations and any obligations that trigger financing, liquidity, market or credit risk to the Company.

F.

Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

The Company is committed to payments under operating leases for office premises. The following table lists as of April 30, 2011, information with respect to the Company’s known contractual obligations.

Contractual Obligations (all amounts in thousands of US dollars)

  Payments due by period
  Total < 1 year 1- 3 years 4 – 5 years > 5 years
Operating Lease Obligations $74 $42 $32 - -
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities $1,642 $1,642 - - -
Total $1,716 $1,684 $32 - -

G.

Safe Harbor

See Note regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

A.

Directors and Senior Management

The following table set out the names of the directors and/or senior officers as at April 30, 2011, the province or state and country in which each is ordinarily a resident, all offices of the Company now held by each of them, their principal occupations, the period of time for which each has been a director and/or officer of the Company and the number of shares owned by each director.

Name and Jurisdiction of
Residence(1)
Principal Occupation, Business or
Employment(1)
Previous Service as a
Director of the
Company
Number
of Shares(2)
Catherine McLeod-Seltzer
British Columbia, Canada




Chairman and Director of the Company,
Director and Chairman of Bear Creek Mining
Corporation, Director of Stornoway Diamond
Corporation, Director of Kinross Gold
Corporation, Director of Troon Ventures Ltd.
and Director of Major Drilling Group
International Inc.
Since April 11, 2002(3)





3,672,800





Thomas Shrake(5)
Nevada, USA
President, CEO and Director of the Company
Since April 11, 2002(3)
479,100(8)
Anthony J. Petrina(5)(6)(7)
British Columbia, Canada
Retired. Director of the Company.
Since April 11, 2002(3)
203,000
William Myckatyn (4)(5)(6)(7)
British Columbia, Canada



Corporate Director. Lead Director of the
Company, Lead Director and Vice Chairman of
QuadraFNX Mining Ltd., Director of First
Point Minerals Corp., Director of San Marco
Resources Inc. and Director of OceanaGold
Corporation
Since April 11, 2002(3)




287,660






- 45 -

Name and Jurisdiction of
Residence(1)
Principal Occupation, Business or
Employment(1)
Previous Service as a
Director of the
Company
Number
of Shares(2)
David K. Fagin(4)(6)
Colorado, USA
Investor. Director of the Company, and Director
of Atna Resources Ltd.
Since April 11, 2002(3)
223,000

(1)

The information as to the province or state of residence and principal occupation, not being within the knowledge of the Company, has been furnished by the respective Directors individually.

(2)

The information as to shares beneficially owned or over which a Director exercises control or direction, not being within the knowledge of the Company, has been furnished by the respective Directors individually.

(3)

April 11, 2002 was the effective date of the amalgamation of Dayton Mining Corporation (“Dayton”) and the Company; Fagin, McLeod-Seltzer and Myckatyn were former directors of Dayton and McLeod-Seltzer, Myckatyn, Petrina and Shrake were Directors of the Company prior to the amalgamation with Dayton.

(4)

Denotes member of Compensation Committee.

(5)

Denotes member of Health, Safety and Environmental Committee.

(6)

Denotes member of Audit Committee.

(7)

Denotes member of Nominating Committee.

(8)

50,000 of these shares are owned jointly with Anne B. Shrake in the “Tom and Anne Shrake Family Trust”.

Each of the Company’s directors is elected by the Company’s shareholders at an annual general meeting to serve until the next annual general meeting of shareholders or until a successor is elected or appointed. The board of directors appoints the Company’s executive officers annually after each annual general meeting, to serve at the discretion of the board of directors.

B.

Compensation

During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, the Company had three Named Executive Officers (for the purposes of Canadian securities legislation), namely:

Thomas Shrake, President and Chief Executive Officer
Steven Krause, Chief Financial Officer; and
William Gehlen, VP Exploration

The following table sets forth all annual and long term compensation for services in all capacities to the Company (to the extent required by Form 51-102F6) for the three most recently completed financial years of the Company, being the years ended April 30, 2009, April 30, 2010 and April 30, 2011, in respect of each Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer who acted in such capacity for all or any portion of the most recently completed financial year, and each of the other three most highly compensated executive officers of the Company, or the three most highly compensated individuals acting in a similar capacity (other than the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer), as at April 30, 2011, whose total compensation, for the most recently completed financial year, individually, exceeded CDN$150,000, and any individual who would have satisfied these criteria but for the fact that individual was neither an executive officer of the Company, nor acting in a similar capacity, at the end of the most recently completed financial year (collectively the “Named Executive Officers” or “NEOs”).




Name and
Principal
Position


Year
Ended
April
30




Salary
US($)


Share-
Based
Awards
US($)


Option-
Based
Awards
US($)(1)
Non-Equity Incentive
Plan Compensation
($)



Pension
Value
US($)



All Other
Compensation
US($)



Total
Compensation
US($)
Annual
Incentive
Plans
Long-term
Incentive
Plans
Thomas
Shrake (2)
CEO
2009
2010
2011
204,582
180,000
180,000
Nil
Nil
Nil
74,356
54,240
65,835
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
278,938
234,240
245,835
Steven
Krause (3)
CFO
2009
2010
2011
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
37,178
33,900
65,835
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
37,178
33,900
65,835
Bill Gehlen
VP
Exploration
2009
2010
2011
120,000
120,000
120,000
Nil
Nil
Nil
29,742
27,120
39,501
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
149,742
147,120
159,501


- 46 -

  (1)

The Company used the Black-Scholes model as the methodology to calculate the grant date fair value, and relied on the following the key assumptions and estimates for each calculation: expected dividend yield 0%, expected stock price volatility 96 and 99%, risk free interest rate 2.24 and 2.29%, and expected life of options of between 4 and 5 years. The Company chose this methodology as it is the standard for exploration companies in Canada and has been consistently applied by the Company for valuing option-based awards since 2003. The stock-based awards are determined in Canadian funds and then translated into US funds at the 2011 average foreign currency exchange rate of $0.99US/$1CDN.

     
  (2)

Mr. Shrake’s official annual salary is US$250,000 per year. Since November 2008, in light of economic and market conditions, Thomas Shrake has voluntarily taken only US$180,000 in salary per year, representing 72% of his official salary.

     
  (3)

Mr. Krause, as CFO, was not an employee of the Company. He is employed by Avisar Chartered Accountants (“Avisar”) and the portion of the compensation paid to Mr. Krause by Avisar during the fiscal period ended April 30, 2011 and 2010 and which Avisar attributed to the CFO services provided by Mr. Krause to the Company was $11,331 and $11,860, respectively. During the 2011 fiscal year, Avisar charged the Company CDN$128,980 for accounting, tax and financial consulting services.

Incentive Plan Awards - Outstanding Share-Based Awards and Option-Based Awards

The following table sets forth information concerning all awards outstanding under incentive plans of the Company pursuant to which compensation that depends on achieving certain performance goals or similar conditions within a specified period, at the end of the most recently completed financial year, including awards granted before the most recently completed financial year, to each of the NEOs:

  Option-Based Awards Share-Based Awards






Name

Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
(#)




Option
Exercise Price
CDN($)





Option
Expiration Date


Value of
Unexercised
In-The-Money
Options (1,2)
US($)

Number of
Shares or Units
of Shares That
Have Not
Vested
(#)
Market or
Payout Value
of Share-Based
Awards That
Have Not
Vested
US($)
Thomas Shrake
CEO


200,000
300,000
500,000
400,000
500,000
0.92
1.17
0.17
0.21
0.21
08/28/2011
03/09/2013
12/29/2013
01/26/2015
12/16,2015
Nil
Nil
23,660
3,785
4,732
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Steven Krause
CFO

250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
0.17
0.21
0.20
0.21
12/29/2013
01/26/2015
06/10/2015
12/16/2015
11,830
2,366
4,732
2,366
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Bill Gehlen
VP Exploration


125,000
125,000
200,000
200,000
300,000
0.92
1.17
0.17
0.21
0.21
08/28/2011
03/09/2013
12/29/2013
01/26/2015
12/16/2015
Nil
Nil
9,464
1,892
2,839
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

(1)

This amount is calculated based on the difference between the market value of the securities underlying the options at the end of the most recently completed financial year, which was CDN$0.22, and the exercise or base price of the option.

   
(2)

The value of the unexercised in-the-money options are determined in Canadian funds and then translated into US funds at the April 30, 2011 foreign currency exchange rate of $1.0566US/$1CDN.



- 47 -

Value Vested Or Earned During The Year

The value vested or earned during the most recently completed financial year of incentive plan awards granted to NEOs is as follows:





NEO Name

Option-Based Awards -
Value Vested
During The Year (1)
US($)

Share-Based Awards -
Value Vested
During The Year
US($)
Non-Equity Incentive Plan
Compensation -
Value Earned
During The Year
US($)
Thomas Shrake
CEO
5,662
Nil
Nil
Steven Krause
CFO
413
Nil
Nil
Bill Gehlen
VP Exploration
2,331
Nil
Nil

  (1)

This amount is the dollar value that would have been realized, computed by obtaining the difference between the market price of the underlying securities at exercise and the exercise or base price of the options under the option-based award on the vesting date.

Pension Plan Benefits

The Company does not have a pension plan that provides for payments or benefits to the Named Executive Officers at, following, or in connection with retirement.

Termination and Change of Control Benefits

The Company has a current employment agreement with Thomas Shrake, CEO, which includes termination and change of control benefits.

In Mr. Shrake’s employment agreement, “change of control” is defined as any change in the effective control or direction of the Company and includes:

  (a)

an acquisition of 20% or more of the voting rights attached to all outstanding shares of the Company by a person or combination of persons acting in concert by virtue of an agreement, arrangement, commitment or understanding; or

     
  (b)

a change in the Company’s officers or Directors, which alters the effective control or direction of the Company.

An “event of termination” is defined in the employment agreement as the occurrence of any of the following events at any time after a “change of control”, without the executive’s written consent:

  (a)

a change (other than changes that are clearly and exclusively consistent with a promotion) in the executive’s position or duties (including any position or duties as a director of the Company), responsibilities (including, without limitation, the person(s) to whom the executive reports, and who report to the executive), title or office in effect immediately prior to the change of control, which includes any removal of the executive from or any failure to re-elect or re-appoint the executive to any such positions or offices;

     
  (b)

any failure by the Company to increase the executive’s remuneration in a manner consistent (both as to frequency and as to percentage increase) with increases granted generally to the Company’s other senior personnel;

     
  (c)

the Company permanently relocating the executive to any place other than the location at which he reported to work on a regular basis immediately prior to the change of control;

     
  (d)

the Company taking any action to deprive the executive of any material fringe benefits enjoyed by him immediately prior to the change of control or the Company failing to increase or improve such material fringe benefits on a basis consistent with increases or improvements granted to the Company’s other senior personnel;

     
  (e)

any breach of the Company of any provision of the employment agreement;



- 48 -

  (f)

the good faith determination by the executive that, as a result of the change of control or any action or event thereafter, the executive’s status or responsibility in the Company has been diminished or the executive is effectively being prevented from carrying out his duties and responsibilities as they existed immediately prior to the change of control; or

     
  (g)

failure by the Company to obtain, in a form satisfactory to the executive, an effective assumption of its obligations hereunder by a successor to the Company, including a successor to a material portion of its business.

If, as a result of a “change of control” of the Company, Mr. Shrake experiences an “event of termination” as described above, Mr. Shrake is entitled to a severance payment of 24 months’ salary (based on his official annual salary of US$ 250,000) and is able to exercise any stock options previously granted within 45 business days in the event of termination after a change of control. In addition, the estimated incremental value of his non-vested stock options that would vest assuming a triggering event took place on the last day of the most recently completed financial year would have been US$4,416.

Steven Krause has a consulting agreement with the Company which includes a “change of control” clause. In this consulting agreement, “change of control” means the acquisition by any person or by any person and joint actor, whether directly or indirectly, of voting securities as defined in the Securities Act of British Columbia, as amended from time to time (the “BC Securities Act”), which, when added to all other voting securities of the Company at the time held by such person or by such person and a person acting “jointly or in concert with” another person as that phrase is interpreted by the BC Securities Act, totals for the first time not less than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding voting securities of the Company or the votes attached to those securities are sufficient, if exercised, to elect a majority of the Board of Directors.

Should a change of control occur, all outstanding stock options held by Mr. Krause will become fully vested in accordance with the terms of the 2006 Evergreen Incentive Stock Option Plan, whereupon such options may be exercised in whole or in part by Mr. Krause. In addition, the estimated incremental value of his non-vested stock options that would vest assuming a triggering event took place on the last day of the most recently completed financial year would have been US$4,732.

William Gehlen has an employment agreement with a subsidiary of the Company that includes termination and change of control benefits.. If, as a result of a “change of control” of the Company, Mr. Gehlen experiences an “event of termination” as defined above, Mr. Gehlen is entitled to a severance payment of 12 months’ salary, plus one month’s salary per year of service after one year, up to a maximum of 24 months’ salary, and is able to exercise any stock options previously granted within 30 calendar days in the event of termination after a change in control. In addition, the estimated incremental value of his non-vested stock options that would vest assuming a triggering event took place on the last day of the most recently completed financial year would have been US$1,577.

Other than as set forth above, neither the Company nor its subsidiaries has a contract, agreement, plan or arrangement that provides for payments to a Named Executive Officer following or in connection with any termination (whether voluntary, involuntary or constructive), resignation, retirement, a change of control of the Company or its subsidiaries, or a change in responsibilities of the Named Executive Officer following a change in control.

Estimated Incremental Payment on Change of Control

Under the terms of Thomas Shrake’s employment agreement, the estimated incremental payment upon termination by the Company on a change of control of the Company, Mr. Shrake is entitled to receive approximately US $500,000 (calculated as at April 30, 2011) based upon an amount equal to 24 months’ salary, plus any amounts owed in respect of accrued vacation and the accelerated option value of his existing stock options.

There are no provisions in Steven Krause’s consulting agreement that would require the Company to make any payments to Mr. Krause upon a change of control of the Company.

Under the terms of William Gehlen’s employment agreement, the estimated incremental payment upon termination by the Company’s subsidiary on a change of control of the Company, Mr. Gehlen is entitled to receive approximately US $240,000 (calculated as at April 30, 2011) based upon an amount equal to 12 months’ salary plus one months’ salary for every year of service beyond one year to a maximum of 24 months’ salary, plus any amounts owed in respect of accrued vacation and the accelerated option value of his existing stock options.


     - 49 -

Director Compensation

The following table sets forth all amounts of compensation provided to the directors, who are not also Named Executive Officers, for the Company’s most recently completed financial year:



Director
Name (1)

Fees
Earned
US($)
Share-
Based
Awards
US($)
Option-
Based
Awards
US($)(2)
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
US($)

Pension
Value
US($)
All Other
Compensatio
n
US($)


Total
US($)
William Myckatyn 9,900 Nil 15,560 Nil Nil Nil 25,460
David Fagin 9,900 Nil 15,560 Nil Nil Nil 25,460
Anthony Petrina 9,900 Nil 15,560 Nil Nil Nil 25,460
Catherine McLeod-Seltzer Nil Nil 39,501 Nil Nil Nil 39,501

(1) Relevant disclosure has been provided in the Summary Compensation Table above, for Mr. Shrake, a Director who is also a Named Executive Officer. Mr. Shrake’s total compensation is related to his role as CEO, and he receives no compensation for his services as a Director.

(2) The Company used the Black-Scholes model as the methodology to calculate the grant date fair value, and relied on the following the key assumptions and estimates for each calculation: expected dividend yield 0%, expected stock price volatility 96 and 99%, risk-free interest rate 2.24 and 2.29%, and expected life of options of between 4 and 5 years. The Company chose this methodology as it is the standard for exploration companies in Canada and has been consistently applied by the Company for valuing option-based awards since 2003. The stock-based awards are determined in Canadian funds and then translated into US funds at the 2011 average foreign currency exchange rate of $0.99US/ $1CDN.

The Company has no arrangements, standard or otherwise, pursuant to which Directors are compensated by the Company or its subsidiaries for their services in their capacity as Directors, or for committee participation, involvement in special assignments or for services as consultant or expert during the most recently completed financial year or subsequently, up to and including the date of this Information Circular except as follows:

  • The Company’s three independent directors are each entitled to receive an annual fee of CDN$10,000 to be paid upon his or her election or re-election to the Board at the annual general meeting of the Company.
  • Each independent director is currently entitled to receive a grant of 75,000 stock options upon his or her election or re- election at the Company’s annual general meeting under the Amended Evergreen Plan.
  • Stock options granted to independent directors will be deemed to vest immediately.
  • Directors are reimbursed for individual travel and other ancillary expenses incurred in connection with attending board and committee meetings.

The Company has a stock option plan for the granting of incentive stock options to the officers, employees and Directors. The purpose of granting such options is to assist the Company in compensating, attracting, retaining and motivating the Directors of the Company and to closely align the personal interests of such persons to that of the shareholders.

Incentive Plan Awards - Outstanding Share-Based Awards and Option-Based Awards

The following table sets forth information concerning all awards outstanding at the end of the most recently completed financial year, including awards granted before the most recently completed financial year, to each of the Directors who are not Named Executive Officers:


- 50 -

  Option-Based Awards        Share-Based Awards






Director Name

Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
(#)




Option
Exercise Price
CDN($)




Option
Expiration
Date

Value of
Unexercised
In-The-
Money
Options (1,2)
US($)
Number of
Shares Or
Units Of
Shares That
Have Not
Vested
(#)
Market or
Payout Value
Of Share-
Based Awards
That Have
Not Vested
US($)
William Myckatyn







90,000
75,000
15,000
125,000
75,000
75,000
50,000
75,000
50,000
0.92
0.96
1.17
0.17
0.17
0.21
0.21
0.17
0.21
08/28/2011
08/27/2012
03/09/2013
12/29/2013
12/29/2013
08/25/2014
01/26/2015
08/25/2015
12/16/2015
Nil
Nil
Nil
5,915
3,549
709
473
3,549
473
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
David Fagin






75,000
75,000
125,000
75,000
75,000
50,000
75,000
50,000
0.92
0.96
0.17
0.17
0.21
0.21
0.17
0.21
08/28/2011
08/27/2012
12/29/2013
12/29/2013
08/25/2014
01/26/2015
08/25/2015
12/16/2015
Nil
Nil
5,915
3,549
709
473
3,549
473
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Anthony Petrina






75,000
75,000
125,000
75,000
75,000
50,000
75,000
50,000
0.92
0.96
0.17
0.17
0.21
0.21
0.17
0.21
08/28/2011
08/27/2012
12/29/2013
12/29/2013
08/25/2014
01/26/2015
08/25/2015
12/16/2015
Nil
Nil
5,915
3,549
709
473
3,549
473
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Catherine
McLeod-Seltzer


100,000
125,000
300,000
200,000
300,000
0.92
1.17
0.17
0.21
0.21
08/28/2011
03/09/2013
12/29/2013
01/26/2015
12/16/2015
Nil
Nil
14,196
1,892
2,839
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

(1)

This amount is calculated based on the difference between the market value of the securities underlying the options at the end of the most recently completed financial year, which was CDN $0.22 per share and the exercise or base price of the option.

   
(2)

The value of the unexercised in-the-money options are determined in Canadian funds and then translated into US funds at the April 30, 2011 foreign currency exchange rate of $1.0566US/$1CDN.



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Incentive Plan Awards - Value Vested Or Earned During The Year

The value vested or earned during the most recently completed financial year of incentive plan awards granted to Directors who are not Named Executive Officers is as follows:





Director Name

Option-Based Awards -
Value Vested
During The Year (1)
US($)

Share-Based Awards -
Value Vested
During The Year
US($)
Non-Equity Incentive
Plan Compensation -
Value Earned
During The Year
US($)
William Myckatyn 1,333 N/A N/A
David Fagin 1,333 N/A N/A
Anthony Petrina 1,333 N/A N/A
Catherine McLeod-Seltzer 3,331 N/A N/A

(1) This amount is the dollar value that would have been realized, computed by obtaining the difference between the market price of the underlying securities at exercise and the exercise or base price of the options under the option-based award on the vesting date.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans





Plan Category

Number of Securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
CDN($)
Number of securities remaining
available for future issuance
under equity compensation
plans (excluding securities
reflected in column (a))
Equity compensation plans
approved by securityholders
10,295,000
0.46
6,545,170
Equity compensation plans
not approved by
securityholders

Nil

N/A

N/A
                                 Total: 10,295,000 0.46 6,545,170

Details of the Company’s Plan(s) are set out in the notes to its audited financial statements which may be accessed at the Company’s web site or www.sedar.com.

C.

Board Practices

Corporate governance relates to the activities of the Company’s board of Directors (the “Board”), the members of which are elected by and are accountable to the Shareholders, and takes into account the role of the individual members of management who are appointed by the Board and who are charged with the day-to-day management of the Company. The Board is committed to sound corporate governance practices which are both in the interests of its Shareholders and contribute to effective and efficient decision making.

National Policy 58-201, Corporate Governance Guidelines, establishes corporate governance guidelines which apply to all public companies. The Company has reviewed its own corporate governance practices in light of these guidelines. In certain cases, the Company’s practices comply with the guidelines; however, the Board considers that some of the guidelines are not suitable for the Company at its current stage of development and therefore these guidelines have not been adopted. National Instrument 58-101, Disclosure of Corporate Governance Practices, mandates disclosure of corporate governance practices, which disclosure is set out below.

Independence of Members of Board and Management Supervision by Board

The Board currently consists of five Directors, a majority of whom are independent based upon the tests for independence set forth in NI 52-110. Following the Shareholders’ meeting on September 13, 2011, the Board will include three (3) independent Directors: Messrs. Myckatyn, Petrina, and Fagin. Mr. Shrake and Ms. McLeod-Seltzer are not considered independent as they are the President and Chief Executive Officer, and Board Chairman, respectively, of the Company.


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The Board facilitates the exercise of independent judgement in carrying out its responsibilities, by the effective supervision of management by the independent Directors on an informal basis, through active and regular involvement in reviewing and supervising the operations of the Company and through regular and full access to management. Further independent supervision is performed through the Audit Committee which is composed entirely of independent Directors who meet regularly with the Company’s auditors without management being in attendance. The independent Directors hold meetings without the presence of non-independent Directors on a quarterly basis and are also encouraged to meet at any time they consider necessary without any members of management, including the non-independent Directors, being present. The Company’s auditors, legal counsel and certain employees may be invited to attend. During the Company’s most recently completed financial year, the independent Directors met a total of four (4) times.

Leadership is provided for the Board’s independent Directors through access to management and the independent operation of the Audit Committee, as discussed above, and through its Lead Director, Mr. Myckatyn. As Lead Director, Mr. Myckatyn’s role and responsibilities are to:

  a.

assist the Chairman to manage the Board and its committees in a manner that ensures that these relationships are effective and efficient and further the best interests of the Company;

     
  b.

oversee the process of evaluation of the Board, its committees and individual Directors;

     
  c.

act as the principal sounding board and counsellor for the Chairman;

     
  d.

ensure that the Chairman is aware of concerns of the independent Directors, Shareholders and other stakeholders;

     
  e.

work with the Chairman to assist the Chairman in fulfilling her responsibilities in managing the Board;

     
  f.

work with the Chairman to co-ordinate the agenda for Board meetings;

     
  g.

chair and manage all meetings for the independent Directors;

     
  h.

attend committee meetings when it is appropriate to do so; and

     
  i.

meet, from time to time, with the Chairman and the President and Chief Executive Officer to convey and discuss concerns of the independent Directors.

Participation of Directors in Other Reporting Issuers

The following table sets forth directors of the Company that are also a director of any other issuer that is a reporting issuer (or equivalent) in a jurisdiction or foreign jurisdiction.

Name of Director Name of Other Public Company
Catherine McLeod-Seltzer Bear Creek Mining Corporation, Stornoway Diamond Corporation, Kinross Gold Corporation, Troon Ventures Ltd. and Major Drilling Group International, Inc.
William Myckatyn QuadraFNX Mining Ltd., First Point Minerals Corp., San Marco Resources Inc. and OceanaGold Corporation
David K. Fagin Atna Resources Ltd.

Participation of Directors in Board Meetings

The Board meets at least once every quarter to review, among other things, the performance of the Company. The Board also holds a meeting each year to review and assess the Company’s financial forecasts and business plan for the ensuing year and its overall strategic objectives. Other meetings of the Board are called to deal with special matters as circumstances require. During the Company’s most recently completed financial year, four (4) Board meetings were held. The attendance record of each Director for the Board meetings held is as follows:

Name of Director
No. of Board Meetings Attended in the Most Recently
Completed Financial Year
Catherine McLeod-Seltzer 3
Thomas Shrake 4
Anthony J. Petrina 4


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Name of Director
No. of Board Meetings Attended in the Most Recently
Completed Financial Year
William Myckatyn 4
David K. Fagin 4

Board Mandate

The mandate of the Board is to manage or supervise the management of the business and affairs of the Company and to act with a view to the best interests of the Company. The Board sets long-term goals and objectives for the Company to formulate the plans and strategies necessary to achieve those objectives and to supervise and offer guidance to the Company’s senior management in their implementation. Although the Board has delegated to senior management personnel the responsibility for managing the day-to-day affairs of the Company, the Board is ultimately responsible for all matters relating to the Company and its business. In fulfilling its mandate, the Board, among other matters, is responsible for reviewing and approving the Company’s overall business strategies and its annual business plan; reviewing and approving the quarterly corporate and cash flow forecasts; reviewing and approving significant capital investments; reviewing major strategic initiatives to ensure that the Company’s proposed actions accord with Shareholder objectives; reviewing succession planning; assessing management’s performance against approved business plans and industry standards; reviewing and approving the reports and other disclosure issued to Shareholders; ensuring the effective operation of the Board; and safeguarding Shareholders’ equity interests through the optimum utilization of the Company’s capital resources.

The Board expects management to efficiently implement its strategic plans for the Company in a professional, competent and ethical manner, to keep the Board fully apprised of its progress in doing so and to be fully accountable to the Board in respect to all matters for which it has been assigned responsibility. In addition to matters which must by law or pursuant to the constating documents of the Company be approved by the Board, all matters of strategic importance to the Company are referred to the Board for prior review and approval. Any material expenditures or legal commitments, including without limitation debt or equity financings, acquisitions and divestitures by the Company, financial statements and major disclosure documents, are subject to prior approval by the Board. The Board holds meetings on a regular basis to review the Company’s strategy as well as to consider and approve particular matters. One of the Board’s responsibilities is to review and, if thought fit, to approve opportunities as presented by management and to provide guidance to management. The Board expects management to operate the business of the Company in a manner that enhances Shareholder value and is consistent with the highest level of integrity. Management is expected to execute the Company’s business plan and to meet performance goals and objectives.

The Board oversees the management of the Company’s affairs directly and through its committees. The Board also meets to plan for the future growth of the Company; identify risks of the Company’s business, thus ensuring the implementation of appropriate systems to manage these risks; monitor senior management; and ensure timely disclosure of material transactions. The frequency of Board meetings, as well as the nature of agenda items, change, depending upon the state of the Company’s affairs and in light of opportunities or risks that the Company faces. When necessary and appropriate, issues may be approved and adopted by the Board by way of written resolutions in accordance with applicable corporate law.

Position Descriptions

The Board has developed written position descriptions for the Chairman, the President and CEO and for the Directors at large. On a quarterly basis, the Board approves the operating and capital forecasts, and the Chairman and President and CEO are required to ensure the Company operates within those guidelines. Material departures must be approved by the Board. The Board is of the view that the respective corporate governance roles of the Board and management, as represented by the Chairman and President and CEO, are clear, and that the limits to management’s responsibility and authority are well defined.

The Board has not developed written position descriptions for the Chair of each Board committee. The Chairs of the Nominating Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Health, Safety and Environmental Committee are responsible for calling the meetings of each Committee, establishing meeting agenda with input from management, and supervising the conduct of the meetings. The Chair of the Audit Committee has a clear mandate from the Board to carry out his responsibilities.

Orientation and Continuing Education

New Directors are provided with a Board Manual, as reviewed and adopted by the Board, which contains comprehensive information and guidelines on the duties of the Board, and members of management, terms of reference for committees and policies adopted by the Board. New Directors are given a full briefing by the Chairman of the Board and President and CEO. The President and CEO reports at each Board meeting on the Company’s activities and provides Directors with a monthly written report. All Directors are encouraged to contact senior management for updates at any time.

The Board currently does not provide continuing education for its Directors. By using a Board composed of experienced professionals with a wide range of financial, legal, exploration and mining expertise, the Company ensures that the Board operates effectively and efficiently.


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Board members are encouraged to communicate with management, legal counsel and, where applicable, auditors and technical consultants of the Company; to keep themselves current with industry trends and developments and changes in legislation with management’s assistance; and to attend related industry seminars and visit the Company’s operations. Board members have full access to the Company’s records.

Ethical Business Conduct

The Board has adopted a written Code of Conduct and Ethics by which it and all officers and employees of the Company abide. A copy of the Code of Conduct and Ethics is available for review on the Company’s website and on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. In addition, the Board, through its meetings with management and other informal discussions with management, monitors in compliance with the Code of Conduct and Ethics and encourages a culture of ethical business conduct. The Company’s high calibre management team promotes a culture of ethical business conduct throughout the Company’s operations and is expected to monitor the activities of the Company’s employees, consultants and agents in that regard. The Board encourages any concerns regarding ethical conduct in respect of the Company’s operations to be raised, on an anonymous basis, with the President and CEO, the Chairman, or another Board member as appropriate.

It is a requirement of applicable corporate law that Directors and senior officers who have an interest in a transaction or agreement with the Company promptly disclose that interest at any meeting of the Board at which the transaction or agreement will be discussed and, in the case of Directors, abstain from discussions and voting in respect to same if the interest is material. These requirements are also contained in the Company’s Articles, which are made available to the Directors and senior officers of the Company.

Audit Committee

Audit Committee Charter

The following is the text of the Audit Committee’s Charter:

(Amended and Restated effective July 29, 2004)

The primary function of the Audit Committee is to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities, primarily through overseeing management’s conduct of the Company’s accounting and financial reporting process and systems of internal accounting and financial controls; selecting, retaining and monitoring the independence and performance of the Company’s outside auditors, including overseeing the audits of the Company’s financial statements, and approving any non audit services; and providing an avenue of communication among the outside auditors, management and the Board.

14.1

Composition of the Audit Committee:

a) Shall consist of a minimum of three directors at all times, all of whom must be independent as required by applicable law and applicable stock exchange listing rules (the “Listing Rules”). A member of the Committee shall be considered independent if (a) he or she is not an employee of the Company; (b) he or she does not accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the Company or its subsidiaries other than in connection with serving on the Committee, any other Board committee or as a member of the Board; (c) he or she is not an “affiliated person” of the Company or any Company subsidiary as defined by applicable law and Listing Rules; and (d) he or she meets all other requirements for independence imposed by law and the Listing Rules from time to time and any requirements imposed by any Canadian or other governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company

b) All members of the Committee shall have a practical knowledge of finance and accounting and be able to read and understand fundamental financial statements from the time of their respective appointments to the Committee.

c) At least one member of the Committee shall be a “financial expert” as defined by Item 401(h) of Regulation S-K, unless otherwise determined by the Board, and at least one member shall meet the financial sophistication standards under the Listing Rules. The designation or identification of a member of the Committee as an “audit committee financial expert” does not impose on such person any duties, obligations, or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations, and liability imposed on such person as a member of the Committee and Board of Directors in the absence of such designation or identification; and (ii) the designation or identification of a member of the Committee as an “audit committee financial expert” does not affect the duties, obligations, or liability of any other member of the Committee or Board of Directors

d) Each member of the Committee shall be appointed by the Board and shall serve until the earlier to occur of the date on which he or she shall be replaced by the Board, resigns from the Committee, or resigns from the Board.


- 55 -

e) Shall meet no less than four times annually and at least quarterly, on such dates that the Chair of the Audit Committee determine. Notice of meetings shall be given by letter, facsimile or other means of recorded electronic communication or by telephone not less than 24 hours before the time fixed for the meeting. Members may waive notice of any meetings before or after the holding thereof. A majority of the members present at a meeting will constitute a quorum.

f) The Chair of the Audit Committee shall be appointed by the Board following the recommendation of the Chair of the Board, who will prepare and / or approve an agenda in advance of each meeting and shall preside over meetings of the Committee.

14.2 Terms of Reference

The responsibilities and duties of the Audit Committee shall be to:

a) Review and recommend for Board approval the annual and quarterly financial statements of the Company, including Management’s Discussion and Analysis, and determine whether they are complete and consistent with the information known to committee members. Determine that the auditors are satisfied that the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with applicable generally accepted accounting principles.

b) Make regular reports to the Board.

c) Have the sole authority to appoint or replace the independent auditor (subject, if applicable, to shareholder ratification). The independent auditor shall report directly to the Audit Committee.

d) Review the scope of the audit to be conducted by the external auditor of the Company.

e) Be directly responsible for the compensation and oversight of the work of the independent auditor (including resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work.

f) Review and pre-approve all auditing services, internal control related services and permitted non-audit services (including the terms thereof) to be performed for the Company by its independent auditor, subject to the de minimus exceptions for non-audit services described in Section 10A(i)(1)(B) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are approved by the Audit Committee prior to completion of the audit. The Audit Committee may form and delegate authority to subcommittees consisting of one or more members when appropriate, including the authority to grant pre-approvals of audit and permitted non-audit services, provided that decisions of such subcommittee to grant pre-approvals shall be presented to the full Audit Committee at this next scheduled meeting.

g) Pre-approve all engagement letters for all auditing and non-audit services to be provided to the Company or its subsidiaries, before and after completion of work and assess the performance of external and internal auditors.

h) Review and determine the compensation to be paid to the independent auditor for all auditing services, internal control related services and permitted non-audit services. The Company shall provide appropriate funding, as determined by the Audit Committee, for payment of compensation to the independent auditor for the purpose of rendering or issuing an audit report and to advisors employed by the Audit Committee.

i) Review all public disclosure documents containing audited or unaudited financial information before release, including but not limited to prospectus, annual report, annual information form and management’s discussion and analysis.

j) Review, at least semi-annually, all expenses paid by the Company to or in behalf of the CEO and the President and any other financial arrangements or transactions with them and their affiliates.

k) Review all post-audit or management letters containing the recommendations of the external auditor and management’s response/follow-ups of any identified weakness.

l) Have the right, for the purpose of performing their duties, of inspecting all of the books and records of the Company and its affiliates and of discussing such accounts and records and any matters relating to the financial position or condition of the Company with the officers and auditors of the Company and its affiliates.

m) Review any transaction involving the Company and a related party at least once a year or upon any significant change in the transaction or relationship.


 - 56 -

n) Review and discuss with the independent auditors and management (including the senior internal audit executive) any significant matters regarding the Company’s internal controls and procedures over financial reporting that have come to the attention of the independent auditor during the conduct of their annual audit, and review whether internal control recommendations made by the auditors have been implemented by management and review any special steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies and the adequacy of disclosures about changes in internal control over financial reporting.

o) Review major risk exposures (whether financial, operating or otherwise) and the guidelines and policies that management has put in place to govern the process of monitoring, controlling and reporting such exposures (including any hedging).

p) Review and discuss reports from the independent auditors on:

(i) all critical accounting policies and practices used in preparation of the Company’s financial statements;

(ii) all alternative treatments of financial information within generally accepted accounting principles that have been discussed with management, ramifications of the use of such alternative disclosures and treatments and the treatment preferred by the independent auditors; and

(iii) other material written communications between the independent auditor and management, such as management letters or schedules of adjusted differences.

q) Discuss with management and the independent auditors the Company’s use of non-GAAP information in any report, earnings release or other publicly disseminated document and any off-balance sheet structures and the effect of regulatory and accounting initiatives on the Company.

r) Review annually management’s report on internal controls and any auditor’s attestation regarding management’s assessment of internal controls, required by law or Listing Rules and review whether internal control recommendations made by the auditors have been implemented by management.

s) Establish procedures for: (a) the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters; and (b) the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the Company of concerns regarding questionable business conduct, accounting or auditing matters.

t) Have such other duties, powers and authorities, consistent with the provisions of applicable laws and Listing Rules, or as the Board may by resolution delegate to the Audit Committee from time to time.

u) At the Company’s expense, retain independent counsel, accountants or other experts for such purposes as the Committee, in its sole discretion, determines to be appropriate to carry out its responsibilities, and set the compensation to be paid to such experts.

v) Review on an annual basis and if necessary update this Charter and have changes approved by the Board.

14.3 Regulations

The following regulations shall apply to the proceedings of the Audit Committee.

a) The business of the Audit Committee shall be transacted either at meetings thereof or by conference telephone or other communications facilities that permit all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other, or by resolution in writing. All questions at a meeting shall be decided in accordance with the vote of a majority of those present and the Chair of the meeting shall not have a second or casting vote.

b) A resolution in writing signed by all members of the Audit Committee entitled to vote on that resolution at a meeting of the Audit Committee shall be as valid as if it had been passed at a duly called and constituted meeting. Such resolutions in writing may be in one or more counterparts, all of which, when taken together, shall be deemed to constitute one resolution.

c) The auditor of the Company shall, at the expense of the Company, be entitled to attend and be heard at or may be invited to any meeting of the Audit Committee, except for portions of meetings in which their work, fees and performance may be discussed.

d) The Audit Committee Chair shall regularly report on the activities of the Audit Committee, to the Board of Directors.

e) The external auditor and senior management shall have the opportunity or may be invited to meet separately with the Audit Committee.


 - 57 -

f) The minutes of the proceedings of the Audit Committee and any resolutions in writing shall be kept in a book provided for that purpose which shall always be open for inspection by any director of the Company.

g) Subject to the foregoing, the calling, holding and procedure at meetings of the Audit Committee shall be determined by the Audit Committee Chair.

14.4 Limitation of Audit Committee’s Role

While the Audit Committee has the responsibilities and powers set forth in this Charter, it is not the duty of the Audit Committee to plan or conduct audits or to determine if the Company’s financial statements or disclosures are complete and accurate and are in accordance with GAAP and applicable rules and regulations. These are responsibilities of management and the independent auditors.

Composition of the Audit Committee

The members of the Audit Committee are David Fagin, William Myckatyn and Anthony Petrina. All of the members are financially literate and independent for the purposes of National Instrument 52-110 (“NI 52-110”).

Mr. Fagin is a financial expert, in that he has an understanding of generally accepted accounting principles and financial statements; is able to assess the general application of accounting principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves; has experience preparing, auditing, analyzing or evaluating financial statements that entail accounting issues of equal complexity to the Company’s financial statements (or actively supervising another person who did so); has an understanding of internal controls and procedures for financial reporting and an understanding of audit committee functions.

Mr. Fagin does not have an accounting designation; instead his expertise is derived from his high level involvement in the financial matters of public corporations almost continuously for at least 35 years. Mr. Fagin was involved in the valuation of oil and gas companies for ten years both as a consultant and a bank appraisal engineer (1958-68); President of a subsidiary of Rosario Resources Corporation, a NYSE company (1968-75), Executive Vice-President (1975-77) then President (1977-82) during which period he was intimately involved in financial and accounting matters. In 1982, he founded Fagin Exploration Company and worked closely with an accountant and auditors to maintain the records. From 1986 to 1991, Mr. Fagin was the President and Chief Operating Officer for Homestake Mining Corporation (NYSE), responsible for producing operations in six countries and was involved in decisions for corporate financial reporting. Between 1992 and 1996, Mr. Fagin was Executive Chairman of Golden Star Resources Ltd. (ASE and TSE) and managed all administrative matters including annual reports, audits and registration in Canada and the U.S. Since 1987, Mr. Fagin has served on boards and audit committees of several public companies including T. Rowe Price Mutual Funds, Golden Star Resources Ltd., Canyon Resources Corp. (recently acquired by Atna Resources Ltd.), Dayton Mining Corp. and the Company, where he was either Chairman or a member of each audit committee. He currently remains a director of Atna Resources Ltd.

Mr. Myckatyn does not have an accounting designation. However, Mr. Myckatyn is financially literate in that he has the ability to read and understand a set of financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of the issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Company’s financial statements. Mr. Myckatyn has over 30 years’ experience in the mining industry. Mr. Myckatyn was Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Dayton Mining Corporation from 1998 to April, 2002 where he led the restructuring of Dayton and its subsequent merger with the Company. Prior to 1998, Mr. Myckatyn was the President and CEO of Princeton Mining Corporation, overseeing completion in 1997 of the construction of the Huckleberry open-pit copper mine in British Columbia and the 1998 merger of the company with Imperial Metals Corporation. Mr. Myckatyn worked for Gibraltar Mines Limited from 1991 to 1996, initially as Mine Manager and ultimately as President and CEO as the company transitioned from being controlled by Placer Dome Inc. into an independent growth oriented public company, and through it acquisition by Westmin Resources Inc. in 1996. For over ten yeas prior to that, Mr. Myckatyn worked for various operations controlled by Placer Dome Inc. and its associated and predecessor companies including four separate mines in Australia and the Philippines.

Mr. Myckatyn is the Lead Director and Vice-Chairman of QuadraFNX Mining Ltd. and a director of First Point Minerals Corporation, San Marco Resources Inc. and OceanaGold Corporation. Mr. Myckatyn received his Bachelor of Applied Science in Mining Engineering from the University of British Columbia in 1972 and is a registered member of the British Columbia Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists.

The third member of the Company’s audit committee, Anthony Petrina, is financially literate in that he has the ability to read and understand a set of financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of the issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Company’s financial statements. Mr. Petrina worked for Placer Dome for 32 years, serving as President, Chief Executive Officer and Vice-Chairman, until his retirement in 1992. Mr. Petrina has been a director of several other mining companies since his retirement.


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Nomination of Directors

The Nominating Committee is composed of two Directors, Messrs. Petrina (Chair) and Myckatyn, each of whom is independent based upon the tests for independence set forth in NI 52-110. The Nominating Committee has the responsibility for recommending to the Board the nominees to fill vacancies on the Board or to be proposed by any member of the Board as candidates for election as Directors at the annual general meeting. The Nominating Committee also recommends to the Board a desirable balance of expertise among the Board members, seeks out possible candidates to fill Board positions and aids in attracting qualified candidates to the Board. In addition, the Nominating Committee’s responsibilities include reviewing and monitoring the orientation of new Board members; reviewing and approving officers’ directorships in other companies and reviewing Directors’ relationships with outside entities with regard to potential conflicts of interest.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee is composed of Messrs. Fagin (Chair) and Myckatyn, each of whom is independent based upon the tests for independence set forth in NI 52-110. The overall purpose of the Compensation Committee is to make recommendations to the Board for human resources and compensation policies and to implement and oversee same if the Board approves the recommendations for the Company.

The Compensation Committee is responsible for reviewing all overall compensation strategy, objectives and policies; annually reviewing and assessing the performance of the executive officers; recommending to the Board the compensation of the executive officers; reviewing executive appointments; and reviewing the adequacy and form of Directors’ compensation.

To determine compensation payable, the Compensation Committee reviews compensation paid for Directors and officers of companies of a similar size and stage of development in the mineral exploration industry and determines an appropriate compensation reflecting the need to provide incentive and compensation for the time and effort expended by the Directors and senior management, while taking into account the financial and other resources of the Company. The Board of Directors does not benchmark its executive compensation program, but from time to time does review compensation practices of companies of similar size and stage of development to ensure the compensation paid is competitive within the Company's industry and geographic location while taking into account the financial and other resources of the Company.

No compensation consultant or advisor has, at any time since the beginning of the Company’s most recently completed financial year, been retained to assist in determining compensation for any of the Company’s Directors or officers.

Other Committees

Committees of the Board are an integral part of the Company’s governance structure. The Board’s committees presently consist of an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, a Heath, Safety and Environmental Committee and a Nominating Committee. The Board’s committees have been established to devote the necessary expertise and resources to particular areas, and to enhance the quality of discussion at Board meetings. The Committees facilitate effective Board decision making by providing recommendations to the Board on matters within their respective responsibilities. The Board believes that the Committees assist in the effective functioning of the Board and that the composition of the Committees should ensure that the views of the independent Directors are effectively represented.

A discussion of the Company’s Nominating and Compensation Committees is provided above under the sub-headings “Nomination of Directors” and “Compensation Committee”. See Item 16A – “Audit Committee Financial Expert”.

The Company’s Health, Safety and Environmental Committee is composed of Messrs. Myckatyn (Chair), Shrake and Petrina, a majority of whom are considered independent based upon the tests for independence set forth in NI 52-110. The Health, Safety and Environmental Committee has the responsibility for reviewing the Company’s environmental policy and for ensuring the Company’s operations are operated in a manner consistent with the environmental policy and also for ensuring the Company’s operations are run in a manner that does not unduly expose its employees to unnecessary risk of accident or death.

The Board has determined that, at this stage of the Company’s development, it is not necessary for the Board to have additional standing committees. The Board may from time to time appoint a special committee of one or more Directors which committee may engage an outside advisor at the Company’s expense in order to assist the committee in fulfilling its responsibilities.

Assessments

The Board annually, and at such other times as it deems appropriate, reviews the performance and effectiveness of the Board, the Directors and its committees to determine whether changes in size, personnel or responsibilities are warranted. To assist in its review, the Board conducts informal surveys of its Directors respecting its own effectiveness. In addition, the Board satisfies itself that the Board, its committees, and its individual Directors are performing effectively through frequent discussions between management and individual Board members. There are also discussions among the independent Directors with resulting comments to the Board.


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Shareholder Feedback and Concerns

The Company is dedicated to the maintenance of good Shareholder relations and attempts to deal with any expressed concerns of Shareholders in an effective and timely manner. The Company employs a Vice-President of Investor Relations to monitor and promptly address Shareholder concerns in an expeditious and informal manner. If any material issues of concern arise, the Board of Directors is informed and provides direction for action as needed. The Company has a Disclosure Policy which is followed and is available for review on the Company’s website.

D.

Employees

As at April 30, 2011, the Company (including its subsidiaries) had one employee in Canada, five employees in the U.S. and 29 employees in El Salvador. None of the Company’s employees are represented by labour unions.

E.

Share Ownership

See Item 6A. Directors and Senior Management and Item 6B. Compensation for details as to share ownership on an individual basis.

ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

A.

Major Shareholders

According to information provided by the Company’s transfer agent, the following are the only shareholders of the Company that beneficially own, directly or indirectly, or exercise control over, shares carrying more than 5% of the outstanding voting rights attached to the Company’s common shares as at June 30, 2011:

Name of Shareholder No. of Shares % of Issued Shares
CDS & Co. 127,547,880 75.74%
CEDE & Co. 12,522,506 7.44%

Voting Rights

The Company’s major shareholders do not have different voting rights from other shareholders.

Change of Control

To the best of the Company’s knowledge, there are no arrangements of which may result in a change in control of the Company.

Geographic Breakdown

According to information provided by the Company’s transfer agent, as at June 30, 20110, there were 176 U.S. registered holders owning 20,362,117 of the Company’s outstanding shares.

The Company is a publicly owned Canadian corporation, the shares of which are owned by Canadian residents, U.S. residents, and residents of other countries.

B.

Related party transactions

The Company received accounting and tax preparation services from an accounting firm in which an Officer of the Company is a partner. The total accounting fees paid during fiscal 2011 was US$117,000

C.

Interests of Experts and counsel

Not applicable.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

A.

Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

The consolidated financial statements required to be filed as a part of this annual report on Form 20-F are filed under Item 17 and incorporated herein by reference.


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Legal

In April 2009, PacRim, a Nevada corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pacific Rim filed international arbitration proceedings against the GOES under CAFTA and the ILES in its own name and on behalf of PRES and DOREX (collectively the “Enterprises”). A Notice of Intent to commence international arbitration proceedings had previously been filed by PacRim in December 2008. PacRim has retained the Washington, DC-based international law firm of Crowell & Moring, LLP to represent it in the arbitration and is seeking award of damages in the hundreds of millions of dollars from the GOES for its multiple breaches of international and Salvadoran law.

Since acquiring the El Dorado project in El Salvador in 2002, PacRim and the Enterprises have operated in full compliance with Salvadoran law, including the country’s environmental, mining and foreign investment laws, and have met or exceeded all applicable standards while conducting business in El Salvador. Ample evidence, however, demonstrates that the GOES has failed to fulfill its obligations.

PacRim’s claims are based on the GOES’s breaches of international and Salvadoran law arising out of the GOES’s improper failure to finalize the permitting process in accordance with Salvadoran law. This conduct by the GOES has resulted in a significant loss to PacRim, the shareholders of Pacific Rim and to the local communities, and has unnecessarily delayed normal development of these valuable deposits.

Pacific Rim’s mandate to its shareholders is to build a gold mining company that explores and develops gold deposits in an environmentally responsible manner. In meeting its responsibilities, a mine design for the Enterprises’ El Dorado gold project located in the department of Cabañas, was submitted to the GOES in its final form more than three years ago. Despite strong local support and the inclusion of carefully engineered and reliable environmental protections for the proposed El Dorado Mine, the GOES has not met its responsibility to issue the Enterprises the permits necessary to advance the project to the final step of full production.

Hearings related to the Preliminary Objection were held on May 31 and June 1, 2010 at ICSID headquarters in Washington, DC. The Preliminary Objection, wherein GOES sought to dispose of nearly all of PacRim’s case, was originally filed by the GOES on January 4, 2010 (fiscal 2010). On August 2, 2010 the ICSID Tribunal that is hearing the investment claims of PacRim against the GOES, and that presided over the Preliminary Objection hearings, ruled in favor of PacRim, unanimously rejecting all of the arguments made by the GOES in its Preliminary Objection filed under Articles 10.20.4 and 10.20.5 of CAFTA.

Immediately following the ICSID Preliminary Objection ruling, the GOES filed another the Jurisdiction Objection, wherein the GOES asserts that ICSID does not have jurisdiction to hear PacRim's claims under CAFTA or the Investment Law based largely on timing and nationality issues. On May 2 - 4, 2011 hearings were again held at ICSID headquarters in Washington, DC in order for the ICSID Tribunal to hear argument and witness testimony regarding the Jurisdiction Objection. As with the Preliminary Objection, PacRim asserts the Jurisdiction Objection is without merit and looks forward to the Tribunal’s decision, anticipated for late calendar 2011. If the GOES is unsuccessful in its Jurisdiction Objection, the CAFTA/ILES action is expected to proceed to the merits phase during fiscal 2012.

Dividend Policy

The Company does not have any intention of paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In particular, there can be no assurance that our Board of Director’s will ever declare cash dividends, which action is completely within their discretion.

B.

Significant Changes

There have been no significant changes since April 30, 2011 that are not disclosed herein.

ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING

A.

Offer and Listing Details

The Company’s post-amalgamation shares were called for trading on the TSX and the NYSE Amex, on April 15, 2002 as “PMU”. In September 2010 the Company delisted from NYSE Amex and the TSX is the only exchange on which the Company’s shares are listed. The Company’s shares additionally trade on the OTCQX platform in the US. Prior to April 15, 2002 Dayton’s shares traded as “DAY” on the TSX and the American Stock Exchange and the Company’s shares traded as “PFG” on the TSX.

The following table sets forth the annual high and low closing prices of the common shares traded on the TSX and the OTCQX for the five most recent financial years.


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TSX
CDN($)
OTCQX (1)
US($)
Fiscal Period Ended High            Low High              Low
April 30, 2011 0.35            0.155 0.35              0.16
April 30, 2010 0.40            0.16 0.36              0.165
April 30, 2009 0.99            0.09 0.99              0.08
April 30, 2008 1.25            0.83 1.39              0.83
April 30, 2007 1.43            0.70 1.29              0.63

The following table outlines the high and low market prices for each fiscal financial quarter for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period:


TSX
CDN($)
OTCQX (1)
US($)
Fiscal Financial Quarter Ended High Low High              Low
April 30, 2011 0.35 0.185 0.35              0.23
January 31, 2011 0.25 0.18 0.23              0.02
October 31, 2010 0.22 0.165 0.22              0.15
July 31, 2010 0.26 0.155 0.26              0.16
April 30, 2010 0215 0.16 0.22              0.16
January 31, 2010 0.315 0.18 0.29              0.18
October 31, 2009 0.345 0.20 0.32              0.19
July 31, 2009 0.40 0.21 0.36              0.21

The following table outlines the high and low market prices for each of the most recent six months:


TSX
CDN($)
OTCQX (1)
US($)
Month High Low High              Low
June 2011 0.21 0.16 0.21              0.16
May 2011 0.23 0.18 0.25              0.186
April 2011 0.24 0.185 0.24              0.195
March 2011 0.315 0.21 0.33              0.22
February 2011 0.35 0.22 0.35              0.215
January 2011 0.25 0.18 0.23              0.175

(1) Share prices listed under the OTCQX heading above, from dates prior to September 9, 2010, were taken from the Company’s listing on the NYSE Amex.

B.

Plan of Distribution

Not Applicable.

C.

Markets

The Company’s common shares are listed and trade on the TSX under the symbol “PMU” and additionally trade on the OTCQX platform under the symbol “PFRMF”. The Company has received advice that its shares are listed and have traded since June 14, 2002 on the Berlin Stock Exchange under the symbol PRM, German Cusip Number 577332 and in the Regulated Unofficial Market (Freiverkehr) on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange on the Xetra, the Deutsche Borse AG electronic trading system since May 31, 2002.

D.

Selling Shareholders

Not Applicable.

E.

Dilution

Not Applicable.

F.

Expenses of the issue


Not Applicable.


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ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

A.

Share Capital

Not applicable.

B.

Memorandum and Articles of Association


  1.

The Company, was formed on April 11, 2002 by the amalgamation of Dayton and Pacific Rim under the former Company Act (British Columbia). Now existing under the Business Corporations Act, S.B.C. 2002, c. 57 (British Columbia) (the “New Act”), as amended, the Company, is permitted to conduct any lawful business that it s not restricted from conducting by its Notice of Articles and Articles, neither of which contain any restriction on the business the Company may conduct.

     
  2.

A director who has a disclosable interest in a proposed contract or transaction with the Company shall be liable to account to the Company for any profits that accrue to the director under or as a result of the contract or transaction unless disclosure is made thereof and the contract or transaction is approved in accordance with the provisions of the New Act. A director who holds a disclosable interest in a contract or transaction into which the Company has entered or proposes to enter into is not entitled to vote on any directors’ resolution to approve that contract or transaction, unless all the directors have a disclosable interest in that contract or transaction, in which case any or all of those directors may vote on such resolutions. The Articles of the Company permit an interested director to be counted in the quorum at the meeting whether or not the director votes on any or all of the resolutions considered at the meeting. The Company, if authorized by the board of directors, may borrow money, issue debt obligations and charge the assets of the Company, provided only that such power is exercised bona fide and in the best interests of the Company. There is no mandatory retirement age for directors. A director is not required to hold shares of the Company.

     
  3.

The Company has only one class of common shares, without any special rights or restrictions. The dividend entitlement of a shareholder of record is fixed at the time of declaration by the board of directors. A vested dividend entitlement does not lapse, but unclaimed dividends are subject to a statutory six year contract debts limitation. Each common share is entitled to one vote on the election of each director. There are no cumulative voting rights, in consequence of which a simple majority of votes at the annual meeting can elect all the directors of the Company. Each common share carries with it the right to share equally with every other common share in dividends declared and in any distribution of surplus assets of the Company after payment to creditors on any winding up, liquidation or dissolution. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions. All common shares must be fully paid prior to issue and are thereafter subject to no further capital calls by the Company. There exists no discriminatory provision affecting any existing or prospective holder of common shares as a result of such shareholder owning a substantial number of shares.

     
  4.

Pursuant to the New Act and the Articles of the Company, the rights of shareholders may be changed only by the shareholders passing a special resolution approved by two-thirds (2/3) of the votes cast at a general meeting of the Company, the notice of which is accompanied by a circular describing the proposed action and its effect on the shareholders. Certain special resolutions provide that a shareholder may dissent in respect of the resolution, by sending a notice of dissent to the Company and otherwise complying with the provisions of the New Act. A shareholder who validly exercises such right of dissent in accordance with the New Act may have the shares that are subject of the notice of dissent purchased by the Company at their fair value.

     
  5.

The board of directors must call an annual general meeting once in each calendar year and not later than 15 months after the last such meeting. The board may call an extraordinary general meeting at any time. Notice of such meetings must be accompanied by information circular describing the proposed business to be dealt with and making the required disclosure regarding the Company and the matters to be considered at the meeting. A shareholder or shareholders holding in the aggregate of 5% of the issued shares of the Company may requisition a meeting and the board is required to hold such meeting within four months of such requisition. Admission to such meetings is open to registered shareholders and their duly appointed proxy holders. Others may be admitted with the consent of the meeting.

     
  6.

The constating documents of the Company contain no limitations on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise rights on the shares of the Company.

     
  7.

There are no provisions in the Company’s constating documents that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company and that would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries.



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  8.

There are no provisions in the Company’s constating documents that govern the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

     
  9.

There is no limitation at law upon the right of a non-resident to hold shares in a Canadian company. However, the Investment Canada Act (Canada) (the “Investment Act”) requires certain non-Canadian individuals, governments, corporations, agencies or entities who wish to acquire “a Canadian business” or to establish a “new Canadian business” as those terms are defined in the Investment Act, to file a notification or an application for review with Investment Canada, a Canadian federal governmental agency. The Investment Act requires that certain acquisitions of control of a Canadian business by a non-Canadian must be reviewed by the Minister responsible for the Investment Act and approved on the basis that the Minister is satisfied that the acquisition is likely to be of net benefit to Canada, having regard to the criteria set forth in the Investment Act. The Investment Act makes the acquisition of control a reviewable event. The Investment Act sets out detailed rules for determining whether control has been acquired. The acquisition of one-third or more of the voting shares of a corporation may, in some circumstances, be deemed to constitute acquisition of control. A reviewable acquisition of control may not be implemented before being approved by the Minister. If not ultimately approved, a reviewable acquisition that has been completed may be subject to an order to divest, enforceable by injunction or a court order directing disposition of assets or shares.

     
  10.

There are no provisions in the Company’s constating documents that govern changes in capital that are more stringent that required by law.


C.

Material contracts

In March 2011, Pacific Rim, through its US subsidiary PREx signed an LOI with ICN and WGI (collectively with the Company and PREx, the “Hog Ranch Parties”) providing the Company with the option to acquire a 65% joint venture interest in the Hog Ranch Property located in Washoe County, Nevada, approximately 180 km north of Reno. Subsequent to the end of fiscal 2011 (in June 2011) the Hog Ranch Parties signed a Definitive Agreement finalizing the terms of the LOI (subject to final regulatory approval).

As per the Definitive Agreement, PREx has been granted the option to acquire a 65% interest (the ”Interest”) in the Hog Ranch Property through the expenditure of an aggregate of $8 million in exploration expenditures and the issuance of an aggregate of 1 million common shares of Pacific Rim, with annual extensions dependent on results of exploration. See Item 4D – “Property Plant and Equipment”, specifically “Other Properties” for a schedule of the Hog Ranch option payments.

During fiscal 2011, the Company, through its Panamanian subsidiary Minera Verde, signed an LOI with Minera Clifton (collectively with the Company and Minera Verde, the “Remance Parties”) to acquire a 100% interest in the Remance project located in Panama, Central America.

The Remance Parties have agreed to sign a formal option agreement (the “Formal Agreement”) granting Minera Verde the exclusive right and option (the "Option") to acquire 100% of Minera Clifton's right, title and interest in the Remance project as soon as practicable. Signing of the Formal Agreement has not been concluded at this time and is currently highly uncertain. Minera Clifton’s application for an extension to the Remance concession term, as provided by Panamanian law, was recently denied; a decision which is currently being appealed by Minera Clifton. The extension denial by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry is highly suspicious and diplomatic efforts are aimed at pointing out these irregularities in an attempt to overturn the decision. While the Company is keeping the Remance LOI in effect during Minera Clifton’s appeal, the outcome of this process, and hence the Company’s final acquisition of the Remance project, is highly uncertain. If signed, the Formal Agreement will be subject to all required regulatory approvals, including the approval of the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”). The option to acquire Remance may be exercised by the Company by paying an aggregate of $200,000 in four equal tranches plus 5 million common shares of Pacific Rim to Minera Clifton, conducting a specified exploration program during the Option Period (as defined in the LOI) and paying $5 million in cash or common shares to Minera Clifton at the end of the Option Period.

The Remance project acquisition has not currently been completed and is highly uncertain at this time. The Company believes that Minera Clifton’s application for extension of the Remance concession term, normally a routine process permitted under Panamanian mining law, was sidelined by bureaucratic irregularities and possible issues within the ministry responsible for mining. If the Remance extension is ultimately granted to Minera Clifton, the Company intends to proceed with its acquisition of the Remance Project by signing the Formal Agreement. See Item 4D – “Property Plant and Equipment”, specifically “Other Properties”.

D.

Exchange controls

There are currently no governmental laws, decrees, regulations or other legislation of Canada which affect the import or export of capital, including the availability of cash and cash equivalents for use by the Company.


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E.

Taxation

Although not free from doubt, the Company believes it was classified as a "passive foreign investment company" during the tax year ended April 30, 2011, and may be classified as a “passive foreign investment company in future tax years. If the Company is a “passive foreign investment company” for a tax year, such classification will likely have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S. shareholders.

U.S. investors in our Common Shares should be aware that the Company believes it was classified as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) during the tax year ended April 30, 2011and may be classified as a PFIC for future tax years. If the Company is a PFIC for any year during a U.S. shareholder’s holding period, then such U.S. shareholder generally will be required to treat any gain realized upon a disposition of Common Shares, or any so-called “excess distribution” received on its Common Shares, as ordinary income, and to pay an interest charge on a portion of such gain or distributions, unless the shareholder makes a timely and effective "qualified electing fund" election (“QEF Election”) or a "mark-to-market" election with respect to the Common Shares. A U.S. shareholder who makes a QEF Election generally must report on a current basis its share of the Company's net capital gain and ordinary earnings for any year in which the Company is a PFIC, whether or not the Company distributes any amounts to its shareholders. However, U.S. shareholders should be aware that there can be no assurance that the Company will satisfy record keeping requirements that apply to a qualified electing fund, or that the Company will supply U.S. shareholders with information that such U.S. shareholders require to report under the QEF rules, in the event that the Company a PFIC and a U.S. shareholder wishes to make a QEF Election. Thus, U.S. shareholders may not be able to make a QEF Election with respect to their Common Shares. A U.S. shareholder who makes the mark-to-market election generally must include as ordinary income each year the excess of the fair market value of the Common Shares over the taxpayer’s basis therein. This paragraph is qualified in its entirety by the discussion below under the heading “Certain United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.” Each U.S. shareholder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and foreign tax consequences of the PFIC rules and the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of our Common Shares.

CERTAIN UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to a U.S. Holder (as defined below) arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares.

This summary is for general information purposes only and does not purport to be a complete analysis or listing of all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations that may apply to a U.S. Holder arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares. In addition, this summary does not take into account the individual facts and circumstances of any particular U.S. Holder that may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such U.S. Holder, including specific tax consequences to a U.S. Holder under an applicable tax treaty. Accordingly, this summary is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, legal or U.S. federal income tax advice with respect to any U.S. Holder. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and foreign tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Common Shares.

No legal opinion from U.S. legal counsel or ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has been requested, or will be obtained, regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares. This summary is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS is not precluded from taking a position that is different from, and contrary to, the positions taken in this summary. In addition, because the authorities on which this summary is based are subject to various interpretations, the IRS and the U.S. courts could disagree with one or more of the positions taken in this summary.

Scope of this Summary

Authorities

This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury Regulations (whether final, temporary, or proposed), published rulings of the IRS, published administrative positions of the IRS, U.S. court decisions, the Convention Between Canada and the United States of America with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital, signed September 26, 1980, as amended (the “Canada-U.S. Tax Convention”), and U.S. court decisions that are applicable and, in each case, as in effect and available, as of the date of this document. Any of the authorities on which this summary is based could be changed in a material and adverse manner at any time, and any such change could be applied on a retroactive or prospective basis which could affect the U.S. federal income tax considerations described in this summary. This summary does not discuss the potential effects, whether adverse or beneficial, of any proposed legislation that, if enacted, could be applied on a retroactive or prospective basis.

U.S. Holders

For purposes of this summary, the term "U.S. Holder" means a beneficial owner of Common Shares that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:


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  • an individual who is a citizen or resident of the U.S.;

  • a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the U.S., any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

  • an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

  • a trust that (a) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the U.S. and the control of one or more U.S. persons for all substantial decisions or (b) has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

Non-U.S. Holders

For purposes of this summary, a “non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of Common Shares that is not a U.S. Holder. This summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax consequences to non-U.S. Holders arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares. Accordingly, a non-U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and foreign tax consequences (including the potential application of and operation of any income tax treaties) relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares.

U.S. Holders Subject to Special U.S. Federal Income Tax Rules Not Addressed

This summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code, including the following U.S. Holders: (a) U.S. Holders that are tax-exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, or other tax-deferred accounts; (b) U.S. Holders that are financial institutions, underwriters, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, or regulated investment companies; (c) U.S. Holders that are dealers in securities or currencies or U.S. Holders that are traders in securities that elect to apply a mark-to-market accounting method; (d) U.S. Holders that have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. dollar; (e) U.S. Holders that own Common Shares as part of a straddle, hedging transaction, conversion transaction, constructive sale, or other arrangement involving more than one position; (f) U.S. Holders that acquired Common Shares in connection with the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for services; (g) U.S. Holders that hold Common Shares other than as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment purposes); (h) partnerships and other pass-through entities (and investors in such partnerships and entities); or (i) U.S. Holders that own or have owned (directly, indirectly, or by attribution) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of the outstanding shares of the Company. This summary also does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to U.S. Holders who are (a) U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the U.S., (b) persons that have been, are, or will be a resident or deemed to be a resident in Canada for purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the “Tax Act”); (c) persons that use or hold, will use or hold, or that are or will be deemed to use or hold Common Shares in connection with carrying on a business in Canada; (d) persons whose Common Shares constitute “taxable Canadian property” under the Tax Act; or (e) persons that have a permanent establishment in Canada for the purposes of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention. U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code, including U.S. Holders described immediately above, should consult their own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and foreign tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Common Shares.

If an entity that is classified as a partnership (or “pass-through” entity) for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds Common Shares, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such partnership and the partners of such partnership generally will depend on the activities of the partnership and the status of such partners. This summary does not address the tax consequences to any such partner. Partners of entities that are classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes should consult their own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares.

Tax Consequences Not Addressed

This summary does not address the U.S. federal, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and foreign tax consequences to U.S. Holders of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and foreign tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

If the Company were to constitute a “passive foreign investment company” under the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code (a “PFIC”, as defined below) for any year during a U.S. Holder’s holding period, then certain different and potentially adverse rules will effect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder resulting from the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Common Shares. In addition, in any year in which the Company is classified as a PFIC, such holder would be required to file an annual report with the IRS containing such information as Treasury Regulations and/or other IRS guidelines may require. Recent IRS guidance suspends this annual requirement pending the release of new forms; filings will eventually be required with respect to any year in which the obligation was suspended.


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PFIC Status of the Company

The Company generally will be a PFIC if, for a tax year, (a) 75% or more of the gross income of the Company for such tax year is passive income (the “income test”) or (b) 50% or more of the value of the Company’s assets either produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income, based on the quarterly average of the fair market value of such assets (the “asset test”). “Gross income” generally includes all sales revenues less the cost of goods sold, and “passive income” generally includes, for example, dividends, interest, certain rents and royalties, certain gains from the sale of stock and securities, and certain gains from commodities transactions.

Active business gains arising from the sale of commodities generally are excluded from passive income if substantially all of a foreign corporation’s commodities are stock in trade of such foreign corporation or other property of a kind which would properly be included in inventory of such foreign corporation, or property held by such foreign corporation primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, if such gains constitute more than 85% of the corporation’s total receipts and certain other requirements are satisfied.

For purposes of the PFIC income test and asset test described above, if the Company owns, directly or indirectly, 25% or more of the total value of the outstanding shares of another corporation, the Company will be treated as if it (a) held a proportionate share of the assets of such other corporation and (b) received directly a proportionate share of the income of such other corporation. In addition, for purposes of the PFIC income test and asset test described above, “passive income” does not include any interest, dividends, rents, or royalties that are received or accrued by the Company from a “related person” (as defined in Section 954(d)(3) of the Code), to the extent such items are properly allocable to the income of such related person that is not passive income.

In addition, under certain attribution rules, if the Company is a PFIC, U.S. Holders will be deemed to own their proportionate share of any subsidiary of the Company which is also a PFIC (a ‘‘Subsidiary PFIC’’), and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on their proportionate share of (a) a distribution on the shares of a Subsidiary PFIC and (b) a disposition or deemed disposition of shares of a Subsidiary PFIC, both as if such U.S. Holders directly held the shares of such Subsidiary PFIC.

The Company believes that it was classified as a PFIC during the tax year ended April 30, 2011 and may be classified as a PFIC for current and future tax years. The determination of whether any corporation was, or will be, a PFIC for a tax year depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are subject to differing interpretations. In addition, whether any corporation will be a PFIC for any tax year depends on the assets and income of such corporation over the course of each such tax year and, as a result, cannot be predicted with certainty as of the date of this document. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge any determination made by the Company (or a Subsidiary PFIC) concerning its PFIC status or that the Company (and each Subsidiary PFIC) was not, or will not be, a PFIC for any tax year. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the PFIC status of the Company and each Subsidiary PFIC.

Default PFIC Rules Under Section 1291 of the Code

If the Company is a PFIC, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares will depend on whether such U.S. Holder makes an election to treat the Company and any Subsidiary PFICs as a “qualified electing fund” or “QEF” under Section 1295 of the Code (a “QEF Election”) or a mark-to-market election under Section 1296 of the Code (a “Mark-to-Market Election”). A U.S. Holder that does not make either a QEF Election or a Mark-to-Market Election will be referred to in this summary as a “Non-Electing U.S. Holder.”

A Non-Electing U.S. Holder will be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code with respect to (a) any gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of Common Shares and (b) any excess distribution received on the Common Shares. A distribution generally will be an “excess distribution” to the extent that such distribution (together with all other distributions received in the current tax year) exceeds 125% of the average distributions received during the three preceding tax years (or during a U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Common Shares, if shorter).

Under Section 1291 of the Code, any gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of Common Shares, and any “excess distribution” received on Common Shares, must be ratably allocated to each day in a Non-Electing U.S. Holder’s holding period for the respective Common Shares. The amount of any such gain or excess distribution allocated to the tax year of disposition or distribution of the excess distribution and to years before the entity became a PFIC, if any, would be taxed as ordinary income. The amounts allocated to any other tax year would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest tax applicable to ordinary income in each such year, and an interest charge would be imposed on the tax liability for each such year, calculated as if such tax liability had been due in each such year. A Non-Electing U.S. Holder that is not a corporation must treat any such interest paid as “personal interest,” which is not deductible.


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If the Company is a PFIC for any tax year during which a Non-Electing U.S. Holder holds Common Shares, the Company will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such Non-Electing U.S. Holder, regardless of whether the Company ceases to be a PFIC in one or more subsequent tax years. A Non-Electing U.S. Holder may terminate this deemed PFIC status by electing to recognize gain (which will be taxed under the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above) as if such Common Shares were sold on the last day of the last tax year for which the Company was a PFIC.

QEF Election

A U.S. Holder that makes a QEF Election for the first tax year in which its holding period of its Common Shares begins, generally, will not be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above with respect to its Common Shares. However, a U.S. Holder that makes a QEF Election will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such U.S. Holder’s pro rata share of (a) the net capital gain of the Company, which will be taxed as long-term capital gain to such U.S. Holder, and (b) the ordinary earnings of the Company, which will be taxed as ordinary income to such U.S. Holder. Generally, “net capital gain” is the excess of (a) net long-term capital gain over (b) net short-term capital loss, and “ordinary earnings” are the excess of (a) “earnings and profits” over (b) net capital gain. A U.S. Holder that makes a QEF Election will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such amounts for each tax year in which the Company is a PFIC, regardless of whether such amounts are actually distributed to such U.S. Holder by the Company. However, for any tax year in which the Company is a PFIC and has no net income or gain, U.S. Holders that have made a QEF Election would not have any income inclusions as a result of the QEF Election. If a U.S. Holder that made a QEF Election has an income inclusion, such a U.S. Holder may, subject to certain limitations, elect to defer payment of current U.S. federal income tax on such amounts, subject to an interest charge. If such U.S. Holder is not a corporation, any such interest paid will be treated as “personal interest,” which is not deductible.

A U.S. Holder that makes a QEF Election generally (a) may receive a tax-free distribution from the Company to the extent that such distribution represents “earnings and profits” of the Company that were previously included in income by the U.S. Holder because of such QEF Election and (b) will adjust such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Common Shares to reflect the amount included in income or allowed as a tax-free distribution because of such QEF Election. In addition, a U.S. Holder that makes a QEF Election generally will recognize capital gain or loss on the sale or other taxable disposition of Common Shares.

The procedure for making a QEF Election, and the U.S. federal income tax consequences of making a QEF Election, will depend on whether such QEF Election is timely. A QEF Election will be treated as “timely” if such QEF Election is made for the first year in the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Common Shares in which the Company was a PFIC. A U.S. Holder may make a timely QEF Election by filing the appropriate QEF Election documents at the time such U.S. Holder files a U.S. federal income tax return for such year.

A QEF Election will apply to the tax year for which such QEF Election is made and to all subsequent tax years, unless such QEF Election is invalidated or terminated or the IRS consents to revocation of such QEF Election. If a U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election and, in a subsequent tax year, the Company ceases to be a PFIC, the QEF Election will remain in effect (although it will not be applicable) during those tax years in which the Company is not a PFIC. Accordingly, if the Company becomes a PFIC in another subsequent tax year, the QEF Election will be effective and the U.S. Holder will be subject to the QEF rules described above during any subsequent tax year in which the Company qualifies as a PFIC.

U.S. Holders should be aware that there can be no assurances that the Company will satisfy the record keeping requirements that apply to a QEF, or that the Company will supply U.S. Holders with information that such U.S. Holders require to report under the QEF rules, in the event that the Company is a PFIC and a U.S. Holder wishes to make a QEF Election. Thus, U.S. Holders may not be able to make a QEF Election with respect to their Common Shares. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the availability of, and procedure for making, a QEF Election.

Mark-to-Market Election

A U.S. Holder may make a Mark-to-Market Election only if the Common Shares are marketable stock. The Common Shares generally will be “marketable stock” if the Common Shares are regularly traded on (a) a national securities exchange that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, (b) the national market system established pursuant to section 11A of the Exchange Act, or (c) a foreign securities exchange that is regulated or supervised by a governmental authority of the country in which the market is located, provided that (i) such foreign exchange has trading volume, listing, financial disclosure, and other requirements and the laws of the country in which such foreign exchange is located, together with the rules of such foreign exchange, ensure that such requirements are actually enforced and (ii) the rules of such foreign exchange ensure active trading of listed stocks. If such stock is traded on such a qualified exchange or other market, such stock generally will be “regularly traded” for any calendar year during which such stock is traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter.

A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to its Common Shares generally will not be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above with respect to such Common Shares. However, if a U.S. Holder does not make a Mark-to-Market Election beginning in the first tax year of such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Common Shares or such U.S. Holder has not made a timely QEF Election, the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above will apply to certain dispositions of, and distributions on, the Common Shares.


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A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election will include in ordinary income, for each tax year in which the Company is a PFIC, an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the fair market value of the Common Shares, as of the close of such tax year over (b) such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in such Common Shares. A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election will be allowed a deduction in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Common Shares, over (b) the fair market value of such Common Shares (but only to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the Mark-to-Market Election for prior tax years).

A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election generally also will adjust such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Common Shares to reflect the amount included in gross income or allowed as a deduction because of such Mark-to-Market Election. In addition, upon a sale or other taxable disposition of Common Shares, a U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election will recognize ordinary income or ordinary loss (not to exceed the excess, if any, of (a) the amount included in ordinary income because of such Mark-to-Market Election for prior tax years over (b) the amount allowed as a deduction because of such Mark-to-Market Election for prior tax years).

A Mark-to-Market Election applies to the tax year in which such Mark-to-Market Election is made and to each subsequent tax year, unless the Common Shares cease to be “marketable stock” or the IRS consents to revocation of such election. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the availability of, and procedure for making, a Mark-to-Market Election.

Although a U.S. Holder may be eligible to make a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to the Common Shares, no such election may be made with respect to the stock of any Subsidiary PFIC that a U.S. Holder is treated as owning, because such stock is not marketable. Hence, the Mark-to-Market Election will not be effective to eliminate the interest charge described above with respect to deemed dispositions of Subsidiary PFIC stock or distributions from a Subsidiary PFIC.

Other PFIC Rules

Under Section 1291(f) of the Code, the IRS has issued proposed Treasury Regulations that, subject to certain exceptions, would cause a U.S. Holder that had not made a timely QEF Election to recognize gain (but not loss) upon certain transfers of Common Shares that would otherwise be tax-deferred (e.g., gifts and exchanges pursuant to corporate reorganizations). However, the specific U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder may vary based on the manner in which Common Shares are transferred.

Certain additional adverse rules will apply with respect to a U.S. Holder if the Company is a PFIC, regardless of whether such U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election. For example under Section 1298(b)(6) of the Code, a U.S. Holder that uses Common Shares as security for a loan will, except as may be provided in Treasury Regulations, be treated as having made a taxable disposition of such Common Shares.

Special rules also apply to the amount of foreign tax credit that a U.S. Holder may claim on a distribution from a PFIC. Subject to such special rules, foreign taxes paid with respect to any distribution in respect of stock in a PFIC are generally eligible for the foreign tax credit. The rules relating to distributions by a PFIC and their eligibility for the foreign tax credit are complicated, and a U.S. Holder should consult with their own tax advisor regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit with respect to distributions by a PFIC.

The PFIC rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the PFIC rules and how the PFIC rules may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Acquisition, Ownership, and Disposition of Common Shares

The following discussion is subject to the rules described above under the heading “Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”

Distributions on Common Shares

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above, a U.S. Holder that receives a distribution, including a constructive distribution, with respect to a Common Share will be required to include the amount of such distribution in gross income as a dividend (without reduction for any Canadian income tax withheld from such distribution) to the extent of the current or accumulated “earnings and profits” of the Company, as computed for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A dividend generally will be taxed to a U.S. Holder at ordinary income tax rates. To the extent that a distribution exceeds the current and accumulated “earnings and profits” of the Company, such distribution will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a U.S. Holder's tax basis in the Common Shares and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of such Common Shares. (See “ Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares” below). However, the Company may not maintain the calculations of earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles, and each U.S. Holder should therefore assume that any distribution by the Company with respect to the Common Shares will constitute ordinary dividend income.


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Dividends received on Common Shares generally will not be eligible for the “dividends received deduction”. In addition, the Company does not anticipate that its distributions will be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains. The dividend rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the application of such rules.

Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above, upon the sale or other taxable disposition of Common Shares, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash plus the fair market value of any property received and such U.S. Holder's tax basis in such Common Shares sold or otherwise disposed of. Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above, gain or loss recognized on such sale or other disposition generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of the sale or other disposition, the Common Shares have been held for more than one year.

Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other taxable disposition of Common Shares generally will be treated as “U.S. source” for purposes of applying the U.S. foreign tax credit rules unless the gain is subject to tax in Canada and is resourced as “foreign source” under the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention and such U.S. Holder elects to treat such gain or loss as “foreign source.”

Preferential tax rates apply to long-term capital gain of a U.S. Holder that is an individual, estate, or trust. There are currently no preferential tax rates for long-term capital gain of a U.S. Holder that is a corporation. Deductions for capital losses are subject to significant limitations under the Code.

Additional Tax on Passive Income

Newly enacted legislation requires certain U.S. Holders who are individuals, estates or trusts to pay up to an additional 3.8% tax on, among other things, dividends and capital gains for tax years beginning after December 31, 2012. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this tax on their ownership and disposition of Common Shares.

Additional Considerations

Receipt of Foreign Currency

The amount of any distribution paid to a U.S. Holder in foreign currency, or on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of Common Shares, generally will be equal to the U.S. dollar value of such foreign currency based on the exchange rate applicable on the date of receipt (regardless of whether such foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars at that time). If the foreign currency received is not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder will have a basis in the foreign currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any U.S. Holder who receives payment in foreign currency and engages in a subsequent conversion or other disposition of the foreign currency may have a foreign currency exchange gain or loss that would be treated as ordinary income or loss, and generally will be U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of receiving, owning, and disposing of foreign currency.

Foreign Tax Credit

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above, a U.S. Holder that pays (whether directly or through withholding) Canadian income tax with respect to dividends paid on the Common Shares generally will be entitled, at the election of such U.S. Holder, to receive either a deduction or a credit for such Canadian income tax paid. Generally, a credit will reduce a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability on a dollar-for-dollar basis, whereas a deduction will reduce a U.S. Holder’s income subject to U.S. federal income tax. This election is made on a year-by-year basis and applies to all foreign taxes paid (whether directly or through withholding) by a U.S. Holder during a year.

Complex limitations apply to the foreign tax credit, including the general limitation that the credit cannot exceed the proportionate share of a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability that such U.S. Holder’s “foreign source” taxable income bears to such U.S. Holder’s worldwide taxable income. In applying this limitation, a U.S. Holder’s various items of income and deduction must be classified, under complex rules, as either “foreign source” or “U.S. source.” Generally, dividends paid by a foreign corporation should be treated as foreign source for this purpose, and gains recognized on the sale of stock of a foreign corporation by a U.S. Holder should be treated as U.S. source for this purpose, except as otherwise provided in an applicable income tax treaty, and if an election is properly made under the Code. However, the amount of a distribution with respect to the Common Shares that is treated as a “dividend” may be lower for U.S. federal income tax purposes than it is for Canadian federal income tax purposes, resulting in a reduced foreign tax credit allowance to a U.S. Holder. In addition, this limitation is calculated separately with respect to specific categories of income. The foreign tax credit rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisor regarding the foreign tax credit rules.


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Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

Under U.S. federal income tax law and Treasury regulations, certain categories of U.S. Holders must file information returns with respect to their investment in, or involvement in, a foreign corporation. For example, U.S. return disclosure obligations (and related penalties) are imposed on U.S. Holders that hold certain specified foreign financial assets in excess of $50,000. The definition of specified foreign financial assets includes not only financial accounts maintained in foreign financial institutions, but also, unless held in accounts maintained by a financial institution, any stock or security issued by a non-U.S. person, any financial instrument or contract held for investment that has an issuer or counterparty other than a U.S. person and any interest in a foreign entity. U.S. Holders may be subject to these reporting requirements unless their Common Shares are held in an account at a domestic financial institution. Penalties for failure to file certain of these information returns are substantial. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding the requirements of filing information returns.

Payments made within the U.S. or by a U.S. payor or U.S. middleman, of dividends on, and proceeds arising from the sale or other taxable disposition of, Common Shares generally may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding tax, at the rate of 28% (and increasing to 31% for payments made after December 31, 2012), if a U.S. Holder (a) fails to furnish such U.S. Holder’s correct U.S. taxpayer identification number (generally on Form W-9), (b) furnishes an incorrect U.S. taxpayer identification number, (c) is notified by the IRS that such U.S. Holder has previously failed to properly report items subject to backup withholding tax, or (d) fails to certify, under penalty of perjury, that such U.S. Holder has furnished its correct U.S. taxpayer identification number and that the IRS has not notified such U.S. Holder that it is subject to backup withholding tax. However, certain exempt persons, such as corporations, generally are excluded from these information reporting and backup withholding rules. Any amounts withheld under the U.S. backup withholding tax rules will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, or will be refunded, if such U.S. Holder furnishes required information to the IRS in a timely manner. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the information reporting and backup withholding rules.

F.

Dividends and paying agents

Not applicable

G.

Statement by experts

Not applicable.

H. Documents on display

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and file reports and other information with SEC. Reports and other information which we file with the SEC, including this annual report on Form 20-F, may be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities of the Securities and Exchange Commission at:

100 F Street, NE
Washington D.C. 20549

You can also obtain copies of this material by mail from the Public Reference Section of the Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates. Additionally, copies of this material may also be obtained from the Securities and Exchange Commission's internet site at http://www.sec.gov. The Commission's telephone number is 1-800-SEC-0330.

All documents referred to in this annual report on Form 20-F are also available for inspection at the office of the Company, listed below, during normal office hours:

Pacific Rim Mining Corp.
Suite 1050, 625 Howe Street
Vancouver, British Columbia
V6C 2T6
Canada

I.

Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

A.

Quantitative Information about Market Risk

The Company holds its cash and cash equivalents primarily in U.S. dollar and Canadian dollar denominated accounts and its expenses are primarily incurred in U.S. dollars. At April 30, 2011 the amount of cash and cash equivalents held was $258, the amount of short term investments was $787, the amount of accounts receivable was $150 and the amount of accounts payable and accrued liabilities was $1,642. Based on these net exposures at April 30, 2011 and assuming that all other variables remain constant, a 10% depreciation or appreciation of the US dollar against the Canadian dollar would result in an increase or decrease of $0.2 million in the Company’s net earnings.


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The following table summarizes the remaining contractual maturities of the Company’s financial liabilities and operating and capital commitments at April 30, 2011:

                      2014 and        
    2011     2012     2013     later     Total  
  $    $    $    $    $   
Accounts payable   1,642     -     -     -     1,642  
Operating leases   -     42     32     -     74  
Totals   1,642     42     32     -     1,716  

The exposure of the Company’s financial instruments to interest risk continues to be limited.

B.

Qualitative Information about Market Risk

The Company’s objectives when managing capital and risk are:

  • To maintain adequate capital to operate its business and safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern; and
  • To minimize the use of debt prior to the commencement of development activities

The Company continuously assesses its capital structure in light of economic conditions, debt and equity markets and changes in the Company’s short-term and long-term plans. The Company is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements.

The primary financial instruments currently affecting the Company’s financial condition and results of operations are cash and cash equivalents, receivables and deposits. The following describes the types of risk associated with these instruments and the way in which such exposure is managed.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the Company by failing to discharge its obligations. The Company’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its liquid financial assets and the maximum credit risk the Company is exposed to is 100% of cash and receivables. The Company limits its exposure to credit risk by depositing its cash and cash equivalents with international financial institutions. The Company does not have financial assets that are invested in asset based commercial paper.

Foreign Currency Risk

Foreign exchange risk is the risk that the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company holds its cash and cash equivalents primarily in U.S. dollar and Canadian dollar denominated accounts and its expenses are primarily incurred in U.S. dollars. At April 30, 2011 the amount of cash and cash equivalents held was $258, the amount of short term investments was $787, the amount of accounts receivable was $150 and the amount of accounts payable and accrued liabilities was $1,642. Based on these net exposures at April 30, 2011 and assuming that all other variables remain constant, a 10% depreciation or appreciation of the US dollar against the Canadian dollar would result in an increase or decrease of $0.2 million in the Company’s net earnings. The Company has not entered into any derivative contracts to manage foreign exchange risk at this time.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in raising funds to meet its operating commitments.

The Company seeks to manage liquidity by maintaining adequate cash and cash equivalent balances to meet its short term commitments and by raising equity or debt financing as required to meet long term commitments The Company has no assurance that such financing will be available or be available on favorable terms. Factors that could affect the availability of financing include Pacific Rim’s performance as measured by various factors including the progress and permitting of the El Dorado project, the state of international debt and equity markets, investor perceptions and expectations and the global financial and metals markets.


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The Company does not presently have sufficient working capital to meet its accounts payable and accrued liabilities in addition to its anticipated exploration and general and administrative expenses or the estimated costs of pursuing the CAFTA action during or subsequent to fiscal 2012. The Company will require financing during fiscal 2012 to meet these expenses and obligations.

Fair Values

Cash and restricted cash is carried at fair value using a Level 1 fair value measurement. The carrying value of receivables and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximated their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

Not Applicable.


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PART II

ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDENT ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

Not Applicable

ITEM 14 MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

A-D.

None

E.

Use of Proceeds

Not Applicable

ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

A.

Management’s annual report on disclosure controls and procedures

Management has designed disclosure controls and procedures, or has caused them to be designed under its supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that material information related to the Company is gathered and reported to senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate to permit timely decisions regarding public disclosure.

There has been no change in the Company’s disclosure controls during the twelve months ended April 30, 2011 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its control over disclosures.

B.

Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act.

Management has designed internal control over financial reporting, or caused it to be designed under its supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements. Any system of internal control over financial reporting, regardless of how well designed, has inherent limitations. As such, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

There has been no change to the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the twelve months ended April 30, 2011 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its control over financing reporting.

C.

Material Weakness

A material weakness is a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The Company’s CEO and CFO evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and have assessed the design and operating effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as at April 30, 2011.

Based on that assessment, management concluded that, as at April 30, 2011, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the existence of a material weakness in the design of internal control over financial reporting caused by a lack of adequate segregation of duties in the financial close process. The Chief Financial Officer is responsible for preparing, authorizing, and reviewing information that is integral to the preparation of financial reports. He is also responsible for preparing and reviewing the resulting financial reports. The weakness has the potential to result in material misstatements in the Company’s financial statements, and should also be considered a material weakness in its disclosure controls and procedures.

Management has concluded that taking into account the present stage of the Company’s development the Company does not have sufficient size and scale to warrant hiring of additional staff that would be required to correct the weakness at this time.


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D.

Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

This annual report on Form 20-F does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, which permits the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report. The Dodd-Frank Act permits a “non-accelerated filer” to provide only management’s report on internal control over financial reporting in an annual report and omit an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding management’s report on internal control over financial reporting.

E.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

During the period covered by this annual report on Form 20-F, there has been no change to the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its control over financing reporting. The Chief Financial Officer is responsible for preparing, authorizing, and reviewing information that is key to the preparation of financial reports. He is also responsible for preparing and reviewing the resulting financial reports, which represents a weakness that has the potential to result in material misstatements in the Company’s financial statements.

Management has concluded that taking into account the present stage of the Company’s development the Company does not have sufficient size and scale to warrant hiring of additional staff to correct the weakness at this time.

ITEM 16 [RESERVED]

ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

David Fagin is a financial expert, in that he has an understanding of generally accepted accounting principles and financial statements; is able to assess the general application of accounting principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves; has experience preparing, auditing, analyzing or evaluating financial statements that entail accounting issues of equal complexity to the Company’s financial statements (or actively supervising another person who did so); has an understanding of internal controls and procedures for financial reporting and an understanding of audit committee functions.

Mr. Fagin does not have an accounting designation; instead his expertise is derived from his high level involvement in the financial matters of public corporations almost continuously for at least 35 years. Mr. Fagin was involved in the valuation of oil and gas companies for ten years both as a consultant and a bank appraisal engineer (1958-68); President of a subsidiary of Rosario Resources Corporation, a NYSE company (1968-75) and then Executive Vice-President (1975-77) then President (1977-82) during which period he was intimately involved in financial and accounting matters. In 1982, he founded Fagin Exploration Company and worked closely with an accountant and auditors to maintain the records. From 1986 to 1991, Mr. Fagin was the President and Chief Operating Officer for Homestake Mining Corporation (NYSE), responsible for producing operations in six countries and was involved in decisions for corporate financial reporting. Between 1992 and 1996, Mr. Fagin was Executive Chairman of Golden Star Resources Ltd. (ASE and TSE) and managed all administrative matters including annual reports, audits and registration in Canada and the U.S. Since 1987, Mr. Fagin has served on boards and audit committees of several public companies including T. Rowe Price Mutual Funds, Golden Star Resources Ltd., Canyon Resources Corp. (recently acquired by Atna Resources Ltd.), Dayton Mining Corp. and the Company, where he was either Chairman or a member of each audit committee. He currently remains a director of Atna Resources Ltd.

Mr. Fagin is considered an independent director according to Section 803 of the NYSE Amex Company Guide.

ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS

The Company has had in place, since 2002, a Code of Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”). A revised Code was approved by the Board of Directors of the Company on December 17, 2002. A copy of the Code can be found on the Company’s website at http://www.pacrim-mining.com/s/CorporateGovernance.asp.

There have never been any departures or material waivers of the Code since its inception.

ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP acted at the Company’s independent auditor for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, 2010 and 2011. The chart below sets forth the total amount billed to the Company by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP for services performed in the last two fiscal years and breaks down these amounts by category of service (for audit fees, audit-related fees, tax fees and all other fees) in Canadian dollars


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External Auditor Service Fees (By Category), (in Canadian Dollars)

Financial Year
Ended
Audit Fees(1)
Audit Related
Fees(2)
Tax Fees(3)
All Other Fees(4)
April 30, 2011 $40,000 Nil Nil Nil
April 30, 2010 $85,947 Nil Nil Nil

(1)

The aggregate audit fees billed.

(2)

The aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s financial statements, which are not included under the heading “Audit Fees”.

(3)

The aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.

(4)

The aggregate fees billed for products and services other than as set out under the heading “Audit Fees”, “Audit Related Fees” and “Tax Fees”.

Audit Fees” are the aggregate fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP for the audit of the Company’s consolidated annual financial statements and attestation services that are provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

Audit-Related Fees” are the fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” This category comprises fees billed for independent accountant review of the interim financial statements and Management Discussion and Analysis, as well as advisory services associated with the Company’s financial reporting.

Tax Fees” are the fees billed for professional services rendered by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

The Audit Committee nominates and engages the independent auditors to audit the financial statements, and approves all audit, audit-related services, tax services and other services provided by independent auditors. Any services provided by the independent auditors that are not specifically included within the scope of the audit must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee prior to any engagement. The Audit Committee is permitted to approve certain fees for audit-related services, tax services and other services pursuant to a de minimus exception before the completion of the engagement.

ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

None.

ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

None.

ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

None.

ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The only stock exchange on which the Company’s common shares trade is the TSX. The Company’s common shares are not listed on a US exchange, but do trade on the OTCQX platform in the US. The Company’s Corporate Governance practices are described in detail in its fiscal 2011 Information Circular dated July 20, 2011.


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PART III

ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Audited Annual Financial Statements

The audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the years ended April 30, 2011 and 2010, including the report of the independent auditor with respect thereto, are filed as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated by reference in this annual report on Form 20-F. For a reconciliation of important differences between Canadian and United States generally accepted accounting principles, see Note 13 to the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 17.


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ITEM 19 EXHIBITS

EXHIBITS  
99.1 The following audited consolidated financial statements of the Company, are exhibits to and form a part of this Report:
             Auditors’ Report on Consolidated Financial Statements
             Consolidated Balance Sheets as at April 30, 2011 and April 30, 2010;
             Consolidated Statements of Loss for the years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009;
             Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity;
             Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009;
             Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss for the year ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009
             Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (which includes a reconciliation with United States GAAP as Note 13)
   
CERTIFICATIONS
99.2 Certificate of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act
99.3 Certificate of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act
99.4 Certificate of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.5 Certificate of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
CONSENTS  
99.6 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Chartered Accountants
99.7 Consent of William Gehlen, Certified Professional Geologist


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SIGNATURES

The Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

  PACIFIC RIM MINING CORP.
     
     
  By: “Thomas C. Shrake”
  Name: Thomas C. Shrake
  Title: President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: July 27, 2011