Video Captioning on the Web
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A history of closed captioning and a comparison of online caption editors. For my presentation at Refresh DC on June 16, 2011.
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Video Captioning on the Web
- 1. Video Captioning on the Web
- 2. Russell Heimlich ★ Sole developer at the Pew Research Center ★ Creator of dummyimage.com ★ Frontend and Backend Developer ★ I care about accessibility
- 3. What Are Video Captions? “Captions are text versions of the spoken word allowing the content of web audio and video to be accessible to those who do not have access to audio.” – WebAim.org
- 4. What Are Video Captions? ★ You know them as the text on the bottom
- 5. Captions vs. Subtitles ★ Captions are a transcript of the audio and key sound effects for deaf viewers. ★ Subtitles are translations of the audio in another language for hearing viewers. ★ http://joeclark.org/appearances/AEA/2007/
- 6. Open Captions vs. Closed Captions ★ Open captions are burned in to the video and always on the screen. ★ Closed captions can be turned on or off and are independent of the video.
- 7. Open Captions vs. Closed Captions ★ Open captions are like a flattened image ★ Closed captions are like Photoshop layers
- 8. Who Benefits from Captions? ★ Deaf viewers ★ Hard of hearing ★ Second language learners ★ Anyone watching TV in a noisy environment ★ Machines (online)
- 9. The History of Captions How we got to where we are today...
- 10. PBS’ French Chef (1972) ★ First television program that was accessible to deaf and hard of hearing viewers. ★ Used “Open” Captions (burned onto the video) ★ Source: http://www.ncicap.org/caphist.asp
- 11. Closed Captioning ★ First demonstrated in 1971 at a Hearing Impaired conference in Nashville. ★ 2nd Demo at Gallaudet College (now Gallaudet University) on February 15, 1972. ★ PBS station WETA broadcasted the first closed captioned programming in 1973.
- 12. The Early Years of Closed Captioning ★ Real-time closed captioning wasn’t available until 1982. ★ A separate set-top box was needed to decode
- 13. Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990 ★ Gave FCC power to enact rules on the implementation of Closed Captioning. ★ Required screens 13” or greater to have built-in chip to display closed captions. ★ Enforced on July 1st, 1993
- 14. 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act ★ Ensures equal opportunity for persons with disabilities ★ Public facilities (excluding movie theaters) had to provide access to verbal information on televisions, films or slide shows
- 15. Telecommunications Act of 1996 Requires people or companies that distribute television programs directly to home viewers to make sure those programs are captioned by January 1, 1998. Source: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
- 16. 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010 ★ Requires broadcasters to provide captioning for television programs redistributed on the web. ★ Source: Bill H.R. 3101
- 17. How Do I Caption My Online Videos?
- 18. By Online I Really Mean YouTube ★ YouTube receives 48 hours of video a minute ★ 3 Billion views a day! ★ According to ComScore, as of April 2011, YouTube is the top online video property. ★ Source: YouTube Blog & ComScore
- 20. Paid Captioning Services For those with more money than time
- 21. CPCweb.com ★ $95 for 30 seconds ★ 2 hours for $1,420
- 22. Vitac.com ★ $7.50 / video minute ★ $75 minimum
- 23. VideoTranscription.net ★ $3 / video minute ★ Done by humans
- 24. SpeakerText.com ★ $2 / video minute ★ Machine / Human Analysis
- 25. Do It Yourself Tools For those with more time than money
- 26. Overstream.net
- 30. WikiCaptions.org
- 32. What about YouTube itself?
- 34. Upload Your Own ★ Supports SubViewer (.sub) and SubRip (.srt) ★ YouTube has it’s own similar format called SBV ★ Any of these can be created in a text editor ★ YouTube will convert it to SBV for you!
- 35. SubViewer (.sub) Format {Start frame}{End frame}Text ( | = line break ) {1471}{1538}..and the continuance|of their parents' rage,... {1540}{1634}..which, but their children's end,|nought could remove,... {1636}{1702}..is now the two hours' traffic|of our stage.
- 36. SubRip (.srt) Format Subtitle Number Start time --> End time (HH:MM:SS,milliseconds) Text (one or more lines) Blank line 1 00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:24,400 Altocumulus clouds occur between six thousand 2 00:00:24,600 --> 00:00:27,800 and twenty thousand feet above ground level.
- 37. YouTube’s SBV Format Start time, End time (H:MM:SS.milliseconds) Text (one or more lines) 0:00:03.490,0:00:07.430 >> FISHER: All right. So, let's begin. This session is: Going Social 0:00:07.430,0:00:11.600 with the YouTube APIs. I am Jeff Fisher, 0:00:14.009,0:00:15.889 [pause]
- 38. Upload A Transcript ★ No timecode? No problem. ★ Upload a transcription and YouTube will sync it to the video automatically ★ English and Japanese Only
- 39. Automatic Transcriptions ★ Uses speech recognition to auto-caption video ★ Same quality as Google Voice Transcriptions ★ Manually Started (could take a few days) ★ Source: googlesystem.blogspot.com
- 41. Auto-translate Captions From the Player ★ Machine translation available on the fly.
- 42. YouTube Caption Limitations ★ You can only add captions to your own videos! ★ Poor audio quality = poor caption quality ★ Caption data only available via API to logged-in users
- 43. Other YouTube Caption Tricks ★ Add ,cc to any search to show only captioned videos ★ In the player, press... + to increase font - to decrese B or b to toggle caption background ★ Captions are repositionable (YouTube.com only)
- 44. To sum things up...
- 45. ★ Video captions are important ★ Plenty of services to do caption videos for you ★ Not a lot of good tools available ★ Tedious to create captions from scratch today ★ YouTube is easier/cheap way to caption videos
- 48. The End. Questions? ★ Follow @kingkool68 ★ Follow @VidCapper and VidCapper.com ★ Accessibility DC Meetup June 21, MLK Library ★ Accessibility Camp DC, October 22